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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the cellular elements of blood?
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White Blood Cell
Red Blood Cell Plasma |
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What's the blood pH of a healthy person?
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7.2 slightly alkaline
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What's the normal blood volume for males and females?
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5-6L for males
4.5 - 5L for females. |
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What percentage of blood volume is plasma?
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55%
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Plasma is isotonic with ?% solution of NaCl?
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0.9% solution of NaCl
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What substances is plasma made of?
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More than 100 substances including: water (90%), gases (mainly O2 and CO2), proteins (albumin, globulins, fibronigen), enzymes, hormones, antibodies, nutrients (glucose, lipids, amino acids, and vitamins), salt as eletrolytes, fatty globules
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What's the fatty globules in plasma called?
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chylomicrons
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What type or proteins are in plasma?
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albumin, globulins, fibronogens, enzymes, hormones, antibodies
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What kind of nutrients are in plasma?
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glucose, lipids, amino acids, vitamins
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What kind of electrolytes are in plasma?
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NaCl, Cl, Mg, K, HCO3, Ca
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What's the pH of a healthy plasma?
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7.2 (slightly alkaline)
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What's the function of albumin?
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Maintaining osmotic pressure of blood.
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Explain what happens when you lose a lot of albumin in urine.
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Albumin level decrease will lead to decrease in osmotic pressure which will throw water out as urine, and cause edema.
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What's the function of globulins?
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They form antibodies and is important to the immune system.
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Which is found in plasma? Antibodies or antigens?
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Antibodies
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Where is antigens found?
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surface of cells
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What are the functions of plasma?
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respiration, coagulation (homeostasis), temperature regulation, buffering mechanism, fluid balance (by maintaining osmotic pressure), transport of nutrients,hormones, antibodies, waste products,
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What's another name for red blood cells?
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Erythrocytes.
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What comprises of 95% of weight of RBC?
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hemoglobin
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Hemoglobin binds ? times its weight in oxygen?
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1.3x its weight.
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What is hemoglobin? (antibody, vitamin, protein)
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it's a complex protein
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What advantages does the bi-concave shape of RBC provide?
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respiratory efficiency (favors absorption and release of gas), makes it more flexible and easier entry into capillaries,
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What's the diameter of a RBC?
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8.5 microns (undehydrated)
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Largest RBC are seen in which vertebrate?
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salamander
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Normal RBC count in males and females?
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5.2 million/ cu mm males
4.5 million/ cu mm in females |
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what's the hormone responsible for RBC production?
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erythropoietin,
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What is erythropoietin?
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Hormone produced by the kidneys responsible for RBC production.
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What is rouleaux
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When RBC are stacked, as seen in blood samples or when RBC become stagnant circulation
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What do you call it when RBC become stacked (as in blood samples)?
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rouleaux
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During dehydration, does plasma become hypertonic or hypotonic?
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hypertonic.
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What happens to RBC during dehydration?
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Plasma becomes hypertonic, RBC lose water and becomes crenated.
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If plasma becomes dilute, what happens to RBC?
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RBC swells and eventually bursts, (hemolysis), and hemoglobin passes out,
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What could happen to RBC due to snake venom or lipid solvents such as ether?
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They can damage plasma membrane and cause hemolysis
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What is agglutination?
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clumping of RBC
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What is agglutination produced by?
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glucose solution, acid salt solution, agglutinins, =
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What's the lifespan of RBC?
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120 days
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Where is RBC produced?
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Bone marrow.
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What is responsible for the oxygen carrying capacity of blood?
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hemoglobin
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What are the two ways you can have anemia?
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decrease in hemoglobin or decrease in RBC
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What do you call increase in RBC?
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polycythemia
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hemolysis
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RBC breaks down and bursts
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What happens if there's excessive hemolysis?
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Leads of hemolytic anemia.
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What in RBC is responsible for blood type
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agglutinogens which are antigens
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What's a good way of determining anemia?
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Packed cell volume
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What's the normal WBC count? vs RBC?
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WBC = 5000 - 11,000 / cu mm
vs RBC= 4.5 - 5.2 million/ cu mm |
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What's another name for whilte blood cels?
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leukocytes
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What are the 2 types of leukocytes?
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agranulocytes and granulocytes
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What do you call an increase in WBC?
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leucocytosis
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Bacterial infection would increase which type of leukocytes?
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neutrophils
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What do you call a decrease in WBC?
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leukopenia -- seen in bone marrow depression
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leukemia
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= cancer of wbc
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What's the difference in leukemia in children and leukemia in adults?
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acute/blastic leukemia in children = the primitive/ bone marrow wbc increase
chronic leukemia in adults = the mature wbc increase |
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What the the different types of agranulocytes and their percentage volume of WBC?
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Neutrophil = 55%, Eosinophil= 4%, Basophil = 1%
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What the the different types of granulocytes and their percentage volume of WBC?
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lymphocytes = 30%, nonocytes= 10%
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When do you commonly see polycethemia?
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When a person from a high altitude comes down to a place of low altitude.
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When do you commonly see leukocytosis?
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When someone has bacterial infection.
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