Block V Chemical, Biological And Radiological

Front 1

Overview (Ref a, b)

Back 1

U.S. forces face a potential CBR threat across a broad range of military operations. The term "NBC environment" includes a deliberate or accidental employment or threat of NBC weapons attack with other CBR materials, including toxic industrial materials. The employment and threat of NBC weapons and other toxic materials pose unique challenges to U.S. military operations worldwide.

Front 2

Chemical Warfare (Ref a, b, d)
Chemical Warfare is the employment of chemical agents that are intended for use
in military operations to kill, seriously injure, or incapacitate personnel due
to their physiological effect. The 1st Type of NBC
agents are:
Nerve Agents.

Back 2

Liquid casualty agents that disrupt nerve impulses to the
body while damaging body functions rather than tissue. Examples are Sarin
(GB), Tabun (GA), SOMAN (GD), and VX.

Front 3

The 2nd Type of NBC
agents are:
Blister Agents.

Back 3

Liquid or solid casualty agents that can cause inflammation, blisters, and general destruction of tissues which often results in temporary blindness and/or death. Examples are Distilled mustard (HD), Lewisite (L), Phosgene Oxime (CX), and Levinstein Mustard (HL).

Front 4

The 3rd Type of NBC
agents are:
Blood Agents.

Back 4

Gaseous casualty agents that attack the enzymes carrying
oxygen in the blood stream. Rapid breathing or choking may occur due to
lack of oxygen in the blood. Examples are Hydrogen Cyanide (AC), Cyanogen
Chloride (CK), and Arsine (SA).

Front 5

The 4th Type of NBC
agents are:
Choking Agents

Back 5

Gaseous or liquid casualty agents with initial symptoms
that include; tears, dry throat, nausea, vomiting, and headache. The lungs can become filled with fluid, making the victim feel as if they are drowning, causing breathing to become rapid and shallow. Examples are
Phosgene (CG) and Diphosgene.

Front 6

M9 Chemical Agent Detector Paper.

Back 6

Detects the presence of liquid chemical agents by turning a red or reddish color, it does not detect chemical agent

Front 7

Atropine/2-PAM-chloride Auto Injector.

Back 7

Used as specific therapy for nerve
agent casualties, they are issued for intramuscular injection, self-aid or first
aid.

Front 8

Biological Warfare (Ref a, b, d)

Back 8

Biological Warfare is the use of agents to cause disease, sickness, or death to
reduce the effectiveness of opposing combatant forces is. The basic division in biological agents is between pathogens and toxins.

Front 9

Pathogens.

Back 9

The pathogens that could be used as biological agents include bacteria, rickettsia, viruses, fungi, protozoa and prions.

Front 10

Toxins.

Back 10

The categorization of toxins is based on the organisms (source) that produce them and the physiological affects the toxins cause in humans.

Front 11

Toxins
The major groupings by source are mycotoxins

Back 11

(which are from fungi),
bacterial toxins, algal toxins, animal venoms and plant toxins.

Front 12

The primary groups based on physiological effects

Back 12

are neurotoxins, cytotoxins, enterotoxins and dermatoxins.

Front 13

Individual Protective Equipment (IPE) for Chemical/Biological Warfare

Back 13

Training and awareness of personnel is the primary way to limit the chemical
and biological warfare impact. To accomplish this all personnel shall have
access to IPE while in the workstations and be aware of ventilation controls,
fittings, and closures that must be set immediately prior to an attack.

Front 14

The decision to employ IPE is the most important decision in the risk management of chemical agent environments.

Back 14

This is due to extended wearing of various items of IPE will result in varying degrees of degradation to individual performance. IPE for chemical/biological agent environments consists of:

Front 15

Protective mask

Back 15

MCU-2P with components (C-2 canister filter)

Front 16

(ACPG)

Back 16

Advanced chemical protective garment

Front 17

Chemical protective gloves

Back 17

and liners

Front 18

Chemical protective overboots

Back 18

and laces

Front 19

Skin decontamination

Back 19

kit

Front 20

Medical self-treatment supplies

Back 20

are not considered IPE but are provided to complement the individual protection capability.

Front 21

The phased employment of IPE is specified by the increasingly stringent levels
of MOPP, maintaining the proper MOPP level as dictated by the

Back 21

tactical situation
and environment is paramount

Front 22

Radiological Warfare (Ref a, b, c)

Back 22

Radiological Warfare is the deliberate use of radiological weapons to produce
widespread injury and death of all life. Types of nuclear explosion are:

Front 23

High altitude air burst

Back 23

occurs at altitudes in excess of 100,000 feet, with
ionosphere disruptions and EMP.

Front 24

Air burst where fireball does not reach the surface.

Back 24

The vacuum created
collects debris caused by the severe blast damage resulting in radiation
fallout.

Front 25

Surface Burst

Back 25

has the worst fallout due to the fireball touching the surface
which results in massive radioactive fallout.

Front 26

Shallow underwater burst

Back 26

has a small fireball and blast wave however, it causes large waves and water contamination.

Front 27

Deep underwater burst

Back 27

is simllar to the shallow underwater burst but with
less visual effect and yields greater contaminated water.

Front 28

Shipboard shielding stations are categorized as either ready or deep-shelter
stations.
Ready-shelter stations

Back 28

are just inside the weather envelope, with access to
deep shelter. They provide minimum shielding from nuclear radiation and
allow the crew to remain close to battle stations.

Front 29

Deep-shelter stations

Back 29

are low in the ship and near the centerline. They
provide maximum shielding from nuclear radiation, often requiring personnel
to be far removed from battle stations.

Front 30

DT-60 dosimeter

Back 30

is a non-self reading high range casualty dosimeter, which has
to be placed in a special radiac computer-indicator to determine the total amount
of gamma radiation to which the wearer is exposed in the 0-600 roentgens.

Front 31

Mission Oriented Protective Posture (MOPP) (Ref a, b, c, d)

Back 31

MOPP is a management tool that is used to coordinate the use of systems and
equipment in Chemical or Biological environment. Full protective clothing and
equipment will not be necessary in all CB threat scenarios and using the full IPE could result in unacceptable personnel performance degradation.

Front 32

MOPP level O.

Back 32

Issue IPE, accessible within five minutes.

Front 33

MOPP level 1

Back 33

Afloat. JSLIST, MASK, Gloves readily accessible.
Ashore. Don protective equipment, M9 tape

Front 34

MOPP level 2

Back 34

Afloat.- Mask carried, decon supplies stage.
Ashore - Additional to level 1 is don protective over-boots.

Front 35

MOPP level 3

Back 35

Afloat. GQ, install filters, don over-boots.
Ashore. fill canteens, activate decon stations.

Front 36

MOPP level 4

Back 36

Afloat. Don mask/hood, gloves, Circle William, countermeasure washdown.
Ashore. Gloves with liners, untie bow in retention cord, loop between
legs and secure to web belt.