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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define the borders of the anterior cervical triangles |
Anterior median line of neck Inferior border of mandible (extends to mastoid process) Anterior borer of sternomastoid muscle Apex is the sternal notch |
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What are the subdivisions of the posterior cervical triangle? |
Occipital triangle (aka omotrapezoid) Surpaclavicular (Subclavian) triangle, aka omoclavicular |
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What are the superficial and deep boundaries of the posterior cervical triangle? |
Superficial: Covered by skin, subcutaneous fatty connective tissue (superficial cervical fascia which contains the platysma- CNVII), and hte investing layer of deep cervical fascia which completely encircles the neck. At the four corners of the neck this investing layer splits into the superficial and deep layers to invest the SCM and trapezius muscles
Floor: Formed by muscles covered by the prevertebral layer of deep cervicl fascia which forms the 'fascial carpet' |
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Which surfaces are above the fascial floor in the posterior cervical triangle? |
Occipital vein Retromandibular vein facial vein Great auricular nerve lesser occipital nerve Accessory nerve Supraclavicular nerve Trapezius muscle Omohyoid muscle Sternocleidomastoid muscle External jugular vein Transverse cervical nerve Anterior jugular vein |
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From where do the cutaneous nerves of the neck come? |
Branches of the cervical plexus (Anterior Primary Ramii C. 1-4) They emerge from the nerve point of the neck |
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Which muscles are part of the posterior cervical triangle? |
Semispinalis capitis Splenius capitis Levator scapulae Spinal part of accessory nerve Scalenus medius Inferior belly of omohyoid Trapezius Platysma
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Define torticollis, congenital form |
Congenital: Wry neck. Results from fibrous tissue that develops in the sternocleidomastoid before birth, OR shortly after birth, the head was pulled and SCM fibers tore. A hematoma occcurs, develops into a fibrotic mass that entraps a branch of CNXI causing the head to tilt toward, and the face to turn away from, the affected side. Treatment: Surgical release of SCM from inferior detachments |
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Define spasmodic torticollis |
Cervical dystonia: Abnormal tonicity that begins in adulthood, involves SCM and trapezius; sustained turning, tilting flexing or extending the neck, usually psychogenic, and occurs involuntarily. Treatment: Section the spinal component of the accessory nerve |
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Name the suprahyoid muscles? |
Digastric Stylohyoid Geniohyoid Mylohyoid Hyoglossus |
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Name the Infrahyoid muscles |
Omohyoid Thyrohyoid Sternohyoid Sternothyroid |
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Innervation of digastric muscle |
V3 and VII |
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Innervation of mylohyoid muscle |
V3 |
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Innervation of stylohyoid muscle |
VII |
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Innervation of geniohyoid muscle |
C1, travelling with XII |
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Innervation of Hyoglossus |
XII |
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Which muscles elevate the hyoid and secondarily the larynx, and also raise the floor of the mouth when swallowing? |
Mylohyoid Digastric Geniohyoid Stylohyoid
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Which muscles depress the mandible? |
Mylohyoid Geniohyoid Digastric |
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Which muscles retract the hyoid? |
Stylohyoid Posterior belly of digastric |
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Which muscles elevate the hyoid? |
Anterior belly of digastric Geniohyoid |
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Name the triangles within the anterior triangle |
Submandibular Carotid Submental Muscular |
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Describe the submandibular triangle |
Floor: Mylohyoid muscle Hyoglossus muscle
Contents of triangle: Hypoglossal nerve Submandibular gland Mylohyoid nerve Facial artery and vein Stylohyoideus |
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The two structures separating the bellies of the digastric muscle are? |
The digastric pully, and the medial end of the stylohyoid |
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Describe innervation of the digastric muscle |
The anterior belly is V3, the posterior belly is VII |
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What passes through the mandibular foramen? |
Inferior alveolar nerve and artery. |
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Where do the artery and nerve to the mylohyoid come from? |
The artery and nerve (V3) to mylohyoid arise from the inferior alveolar N and A |
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Which gland wraps around the mylohyoid muscle? |
Submandibular gland and wharton's duct? |
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Describe the carotid triangle |
Boundaries: Posterior belly of digastric Superior belly of omohyoid Sternocleidomastoid Contents: External carotid artery Internal jugular vein Vagus nerve Ansa cervicalis Hypoglossal nerve |
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Hypoglossal nerve crosses over which major artery? |
Hypoglossal nerve (XII) crosses directly over the external carotid artery, on its ay to the submandibular gland |
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The posterior belly of the digastric muscle is _________ to both internal and external carotid arteries |
Anterior |
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The omohyoid tendon and superior belly are ____________ to the carotid and thyorcervical trunk |
Anterior |
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The superior thyroid artery is a branch of what? What is its first branch? |
The superior thyroid artery is a branch of the external jugular. The superior thyroid artery gives rise to the superior laryngeal artery |
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The lingual artery is a branch of which major artery? |
External carotid |
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The ascending pharyngeal artery arises from ________ |
the external carotid |
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The facial artery oritinates from the |
external carotid |
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The occipital artery arises from which major artery |
the external carotid artery
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Name the branches of the external carotid artery |
Superior thyroid artery Ascending pharyngeal artery Lingual artery Facial artery Occipital artery Posterior auricular artery Superficial temporal artery Maxillary artery
Some Anatomists Like F*cking, Others Prefer S & M
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Name the branches of the cervical plexus |
Ansa cervicalis (C1, C2, C3) CN X CN XI Phrenic nerve |
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What is the ansa cervicalis? |
AKA the ansa hypoglossi Nerve loop formed by union of the superior root C1 or C1-C2, and the inferior root C2 and C3 Lies superficial to or within the carotid sheath in the atnerior cervical triangle Innervates the infrahyoid ("strap") muscles Omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid DOES NOT innervate thyrohyoid, which is innervated by C1 via the hypoglossal nerve |
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Which major vein is part of the carotid triangle? |
The internal jugular vein |
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Describe the common trunk |
The vein branching off of the internal jugular, giving rise to the facial, lingual and anterior branches of retromandibular |
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Describe the submental triangle |
Margins: Body of hyoid Anterior bellies of right and left digastric muscles |
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What is the submental triangle? |
At the midline of the mandible, down to hyoid Contains geniohyoid, some of mylohyoideus, and the mental spine for genioglossus |
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Describe the muscular triangle |
Boundaries: supperior belly of omohyoid Anterior border of sternomastoid Median plane of neck to the hyoid bone |
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What are the infrahyoid muscles? |
Sternohyoid Sternothyroid Omohyoid Thyrohyoid |
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Nerve supply of sternohyoid |
Ansa hypoglossi |
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Nerve supply of omohyoid |
Ansa hypoglossi |
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Nerve supply of sternothyroid |
ansa hypoglossi |
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Nerve supply of thyrohyoid |
C1 travelling with XII |
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Which muscles depress the hyoid? |
Sternohyoid and omohyoid By steadying the hyoid, the suprahyoid muscles can depress the jaw |
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Which muscle draws cartilage upward for high notes? |
THyrohyoid |
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Which muscle draws cartilage downward, low notes? |
Sternothyorid |
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Which muscle draws the hyoid muscle laterally as the head turns? |
Omohyoid |
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Name the contents of the muscular triangle |
Inferior thyroid vessels Superior and recurrent laryngeal nerve Trachea Thyroid gland Parathyroid glands |
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Where does the inferior thyroid artery come from? |
The inferior thyroid artery arises from the thyrocervical trunk |
