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207 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
cholestyramine
|
bile acid sequestrant
contra in high TG |
|
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colesevelam
|
bile acid sequestrant
contra in high TG |
|
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fluvastatin
|
HMG CoA reductase inhibitor
myopathy least efficacious |
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lovastatin
|
HMG CoA reductase inhibitor
myopathy |
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pravastatin
|
HMG CoA reductase inhibitor
myopathy |
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rosuvastatin
|
HMG CoA reductase inhibitor
myopathy |
|
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simvastatin
|
HMG CoA reductase inhibitor
myopathy |
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ezetimibe
|
cholesterol absorption blocker
inhibit activity of intestinal NPC1L1 primary hypercholesterolemia homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia homozygous sitosterolemia myalgia-rhabdomyolysis liver enzymes |
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nicotinic acid
|
acitvate GPR109A to inhibit adenylyl cyclase --> decreased free fatty acids;
most efficacious at increasing HDL; flushing; increased insulin resistance; induce hyperuricemia; hepatotoxicity |
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fenofibrate
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elevation of PPARa
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fenofibric acid
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activation of PPARa
|
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omega-3 PUFA
|
mech not completely understood
reduce hepatic production of TG and VLDL |
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orlistat
|
inhibit gastric and pancreatic lipase
weight loss gi adverse effects decrease fat soluble vitamines warfarin interaction (vit K def) |
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agents that inhibit 5' deiodination of iodothyronines
|
propylthiouracil
iopanoic acid amiodarone propanolol pharm doses of glucocorticoids |
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thyroid USP
|
dessicated powder of animal thyroid glands
|
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thyroglobulin USP
|
purified extract of pig thyroid
|
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levothyroxine
|
L isomer of synthetic T4
doc converted to T3 so missing a dose not too serious |
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liothyronine
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L isomer of synthetic T3
|
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liotrix
|
mixture of levothyroxine and liothyronine (4:1) to mimic thyroid output
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propylthiouracil
|
inhibit TPO
inhibit peripheral dediodination accumulate in thyroid agranulocytosis cross sensitive to methimazole |
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methimazole
|
inhibits TPO
accumulate in thyroid crosses placenta agranulocytosis cross sensitive to PTU |
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perchlorate
|
monovalent anion inhibitor
ClO4- aplastic anemia used in amiodarone-induced hyperthyroid |
|
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pertechnetate
|
monovalent anion inhibitor
TcO4- aplastic anemia |
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thiocyanate
|
monovalent anion inhibitor
SCN- aplastic anemia |
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pharmacological doses of iodide
|
acute Wolff-Chaikoff effect
|
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iodinated contrast media
|
inhibit peripheral deiodination
suppress T3 and T4 production not FDA approved for this use |
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I131
|
beta emitter
postradiation hypothyroid crosses placenta and excreted in breast milk |
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mitotane
|
inhibits all enzymes in adrenal gland
destroys tissue not on US market |
|
|
amphenone B
|
inhibits all enzymes in adrenal gland
does not destroy tissue removed from US market |
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|
metyrapone
|
specific inhibitor of 11b hydroxylase
may be used to test pit reserve of ACTH |
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|
aminoglutethimide
|
inhibits cholesterol --> pregnenolone
not specific to adrenal |
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ketoconazole
|
blocks many steroid synthesis enyzmes;
displaces estrogen and testosterone from binding proteins; gynecomastia, oligospermia, menstrual cycle irregularities |
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mifepristone (RU486)
|
GCC receptor antagonist
|
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spironolactone
|
MCC receptor antagonist
|
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type A synthetic testosterone
|
17b esterification
enanthate cypionate |
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type B synthetic testosterone
|
17a substitution
methyltestosterone |
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type C synthetic testosterone
|
ring alteration
mesterolone |
|
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danazol
|
type BC synthetic testosterone
used for hereditary angioneurotic edema, endometriosis |
|
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leuprolide acetate
|
long-acting GnRH analog
|
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goserelin
|
long-acting GnRH analog
|
|
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finasteride
|
inhibits 5a reductase
|
|
|
cyproterone acetate
|
androgen receptor antagonist
for excess androgen production in women for advanced prostate carcinoma |
|
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flutamide
|
androgen receptor antagonist
for excess androgen production in women for advanced prostate carcinoma |
|
|
gossypol
|
phenolic cottonseed extract
destroys elements of seminiferous tubules |
|
|
sulfonylureas
|
insulin secretagogues
close b cell K+ channels to secrete more insulin tolbutamide tolazamide chlorpropamide glyburide glimepiride glipizide |
|
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replaginide
|
insulin secretagogue
|
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nateglinide
|
insulin secretagogue
|
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metformin
|
biguanide
increase tissue glucose uptake not dependent on insulin secretion |
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thiazolidinediones
|
reduced insulin resistance via PPARg
rosiglitazone pioglitazone |
|
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a-glucosidase inhibitors
|
slow intestinal absorption of glucose
|
|
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pramlintide
|
injectable amylin analog
reduces postpradial glucose |
|
|
incretins
|
GLP-1 and GIP
increase insulin secretion increased b cell growth reduced glucagon secretion slower gastric emptying reduced appetite |
|
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exenatide
|
GLP-1 analog
|
|
|
sitagliptin
|
DDP IV inhibitors
block GLP1 degradation |
|
|
budesonide
|
inhaled corticosteroid
long term asthma control |
|
|
fluticasone
|
inhaled corticosteroid
long term asthma control |
|
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mometasone
|
inhaled corticosteroid
long term asthma control |
|
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cromolyn
|
inhibit activation and release of mediators from mast cells, eosinophils, etc;
long term asthma control |
|
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prednisone
|
systemic corticosteroid
long term or short term asthma control |
|
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formoterol
|
LABA
long term asthma control must use with inhaled corticosteroids |
|
|
salmeterol
|
LABA
long term asthma control must use with inhaled corticosteroids |
|
|
theophylline
|
oral long term asthma control
|
|
|
montelukast
|
cysLT1 receptor antagonist
long term asthma control neuropsychiatric events |
|
|
zileuton
|
inhibits 5-lipoxygenase to inhibit synthesis of all leukotrienes;
long term asthma control; liver toxicity |
|
|
omalizumab
|
monoclonal Ab to Fc of IgE;
results in down regulation of FcI receptors on basophils; severe persistent asthma anaphylaxis |
|
|
albuterol
|
SABA
acute asthma control |
|
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levalbuterol
|
SABA
acute asthma control |
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ipratropium
|
inhaled anticholinergic
acute asthma control COPD allergic rhinorrhea |
|
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tiotropium
|
inhaled anticholinergic
acute asthma control COPD |
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estradiol
|
natural estrogen
|
|
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ethinyl estradiol
|
estrogen
|
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mestranol
|
estrogen
|
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diethylstilbestrol
|
most potent synthetic estrogen
teratogenic |
|
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phytoestrogens
|
xenoestrogens
postmenopausal nutritional supplements interference in reproduction |
|
|
environmental estrogens
|
xenoestrogens
act as weak estrogens |
|
|
clomiphene
|
estrogen receptor antagonist
useful for anovulatory infertility treatment |
|
|
tamoxifen
|
estrogen receptor antagonist
useful for management of estrogen dependence |
|
|
anastrazole
|
aromatase inhibitor
frequently used in breast cancers |
|
|
exemestane
|
aromatase inhibitor
frequently used in breast cancers |
|
|
raloxifene
|
selective estrogen receptor modulator
maintain bone mass postmenopausally without extreme stimulation of breast or uterine tissue |
|
|
medroxyprogesterone acetate
|
semi-synthetic progestin
|
|
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19-nortestosterones
|
chemical derivatives of testosterone but act like progesterone
|
|
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norethindrone
|
19-nortestosterone
|
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norethynodrel
|
19-nortestosterone
|
|
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ethynodiol
|
19-nortestosterone
|
|
|
norgestrel
|
19-nortestosterone
|
|
|
mefipristone (RU486)
|
progesterone receptor antagonist
abortifacient (+ PGs) |
|
|
urofolliculin
|
FSH
mimic actions of ant pit to stimulate ovarian function |
|
|
hMG
|
human menopausal gonadotropins
FSH + LH mimic actions of ant pit to stimulate ovarian function |
|
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hCG
|
LH-like activity
|
|
|
danazol
|
anti-gonadotropin
negative feedback on pit without estrogenic effects endometriosis |
|
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gonadorelin
|
long-acting GnRH analog
|
|
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nafarelin
|
long-acting GnRH analog
|
|
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bromocryptine
|
DA agonist to decrease prolactin release to suppress postpartum lactation
|
|
|
oxytocin
|
short plasma half life
excellent control of uterine contractility postpartum blood loss minimized contract only gravid uterus water intoxication (ADH-like) |
|
|
prostaglandin E2
|
contract both gravid and non-gravid uterus;
abortifacient; ripening uterine cervix; postpartum bleeding |
|
|
15-methylprostaglandin F2
|
contract both gravid and non-gravid uterus;
abortifacient; ripening uterine cervix; postpartum bleeding |
|
|
misoprostol
|
prostaglandin;
contract both gravid and non-gravid uterus; abortifacient; ripening uterine cervix; postpartum bleeding |
|
|
ergonovine
|
ergot alkaloid
control postpartum bleeding NOT induction of labor |
|
|
methylergonovine
|
ergot alkaloid
control postpartum bleeding NOT induction of labor |
|
|
MgSO4
|
tocolytic
hallucinations |
|
|
ritodrine
|
b2 agonist used as tocolytic
|
|
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terbutaline
|
b2 agonist used as tocolytic
|
|
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indomethacin
|
tocolytic
|
|
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nifedipine
|
tocolytic
Ca channel blocker |
|
|
apomorphine
|
act on CTZ to cause emesis
|
|
|
L-dopa
|
act on CTZ to cause emesis
|
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|
ipecac
|
local irritant and act centrally to cause emesis
|
|
|
copper sulfate
|
local irritant causing emesis
|
|
|
cardiac glycosides
|
cause emesis
|
|
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hyoscine
|
M block
prevention of motion sickness |
|
|
cinnarizine
|
H1 blocker
prevention of motion sickness |
|
|
cyclizine
|
H1 blocker
prevention of motion sickness |
|
|
promethazine
|
H1 blocker
prevention of motion sickness |
|
|
metoclopramide
|
D2 blocker at CTZ
antiemetic |
|
|
domperidone
|
D2 blocker
does not cross bbb antiemetic |
|
|
nabilone
|
cannabinoid
antiemetic |
|
|
ondansetron
|
5-HT3 blocker
antiemetic doc + dexamethasone |
|
|
granisetron
|
5-HT3 blocker
antiemetic doc + dexamethasone |
|
|
cimetidine
|
H2 blocker
decrease acid secretion binds androgen receptors (gynecomastia, impotence, etc) |
|
|
ranitidine
|
H2 blocker
decreased acid production |
|
|
nizatidine
|
H2 blocker
decreased acid production |
|
|
famotidine
|
H2 blocker
decreased acid production most potent |
|
|
propantheline
|
anticholinergic
decreased acid production |
|
|
isopropamide
|
anticholinergic
decreased acid production |
|
|
scopolamine
|
anticholinergic
decreased acid production |
|
|
calcium carbonate
|
antacid
rebound acid production contra in renal disease hypercalcemia |
|
|
magnesium hydroxide
|
antacid
diarrhea and hypotension |
|
|
aluminum hydroxid
|
best antacid
binds bile acids stimulates mucus secretion constipation |
|
|
sodium bicarbonate
|
antacid
contra in HTN |
|
|
omeprazole
|
PPI
hypertrophy of gastrin producing cells |
|
|
urogastrone
|
PPI
decrease stomach acid |
|
|
enterogastrone
|
PPI
decrease stomach acid |
|
|
sulcralfate
|
complex polysaccharide has affinity for exposed proteins of peptic ulcers;
'fill potholes'; requires acidic gastric pH to be activated |
|
|
penicillin G
|
natural penicillin hydrolyzed by penicillinases and other b-lactamases;
procaine and benzathine salts to extend life |
|
|
penicillin V
|
natural penicillin hydrolyzed by penicillinases and other b-lactamases;
resistant to acid |
|
|
methicillin
|
penicillinase-resistant penicillin
|
|
|
oxacillin
|
penicillinase-resistant penicillin
|
|
|
cloxacillin
|
penicillinase-resistant penicillin
|
|
|
dicloxacillin
|
penicillinase-resistant penicillin
|
|
|
nafcillin
|
penicillinase-resistant penicillin
excreted in bile |
|
|
ampicillin
|
aminopenicillin
hydrolyzed by penicillinase and other b-lactamases some Gm(-) spectrum |
|
|
amoxicillin
|
aminopenicillin
hydrolyzed by penicillinase and other b-lactamases |
|
|
carbenicillin
|
antipseudomonal penicillin
hydrolyzed by penicillinase and other b-lactamases |
|
|
ticarcillin
|
antipseudomonal penicillin
hydrolyzed by penicillinase and other b-lactamases |
|
|
piperacillin
|
antipseudomonal penicillin
hydrolyzed by penicillinase and other b-lactamases most potent of this class |
|
|
clavulanic acid
|
b-lactamase inhibitor
|
|
|
sulbactam
|
b-lactamase inhibitor
|
|
|
tazobactam
|
b-lactamase inhibitor
|
|
|
cephalexin
|
1st gen
|
|
|
cefazolin
|
1st gen
|
|
|
cefuroxime
|
2nd gen
|
|
|
cefaclor
|
2nd gen
serum sickness-like rxn in kids |
|
|
cefotetan
|
2nd gen
added activity vs bacteroides |
|
|
cefotaxime
|
3rd gen
|
|
|
ceftazidime
|
3rd gen
|
|
|
ceftriaxone
|
3rd gen
pseudocholelithiasis |
|
|
cefepime
|
4th gen
|
|
|
imipenem
|
carbapenem
formulated with cilistatin to prevent inactivation by dehydropeptidase; widest spectrum of b-lactams |
|
|
meropenem
|
carbapenem
resistant to dehydropeptidase |
|
|
ertapenem
|
carbapenem
resistant to dehydropeptidase |
|
|
aztreonam
|
monobactam
only useful against aerobic Gm(-) |
|
|
vancomycin
|
bind terminal D-alanyl-D-alanine to inhibit transglycosylase;
redman or red neck syndrome; nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity |
|
|
erythromycin
|
bind 50S ribosome
potent CYP3A4 inhibitor cholestatic hepatitis |
|
|
clarithromycin
|
bind 50S ribosome
inhibit CYP3A4 mania |
|
|
azithromycin
|
bind 50S ribosome
doc for chlamydia tissue conc > plasma |
|
|
telithromycin
|
bind domains II and V of 23S (50S)
acute hepatic failure/injury |
|
|
clindamycin
|
bind 50S ribosome
highly active vs bacteroides affinity for osseus tissue assoc with pseudomembranous colitis |
|
|
quinupristin/dalfopristin (synercid)
|
bind different sites of 50S ribosome
inhibit CYP3A4 arthralgia and myalgia |
|
|
linezolid
|
50S ribosome at interface
100% bioavailability nonspecific MAO inhibition |
|
|
chloramphenicol
|
bind to 50S ribosome
metabolized by glucuronosyl transferase aplastic anemia (not dose related irreversible) blood dyscrasias (dose related reversible) gray-baby syndrome |
|
|
tetracycline
|
bind 30S ribosome
rickettsiae, chlamydia, mycopplasmas, h. pylori, plasmodia, ameobas; phototoxic; deposit in teeth |
|
|
minocycline
|
tetracycline: bind 30S ribosome
rickettsiae, chlamydia, mycopplasmas, h. pylori, plasmodia, ameobas; phototoxic; deposit in teeth |
|
|
doxycycline
|
tetracycline: bind 30S ribosome
rickettsiae, chlamydia, mycopplasmas, h. pylori, plasmodia, ameobas; phototoxic; deposit in teeth; favored for long half life and fecal excretion |
|
|
tigecycline
|
similar to tetracycline: 30S ribosome
not affected by common resistance mechanisms (except pseudomonas) n/v (30%) |
|
|
gentamicin
|
aminoglycoside: 30S ribosome
ototoxicity nephrotoxicity |
|
|
tobramycin
|
aminoglycoside: 30S ribosome
ototoxicity nephrotoxicity |
|
|
amikacin
|
aminoglycoside: 30S ribosome
ototoxicity nephrotoxicity |
|
|
kanamycin
|
aminoglycoside: 30S ribosome
ototoxicity nephrotoxicity sterilize bowel before surgery |
|
|
streptomycin
|
aminoglycoside: 30S ribosome
ototoxicity nephrotoxicity tb |
|
|
neomycin
|
aminoglycoside: 30S ribosome
ototoxicity nephrotoxicity topical |
|
|
ciprofloxacin
|
fluorquinolone: inhibit gyrase
tendon ruptures |
|
|
levofloxacin
|
fluorquinolone: inhibit gyrase
tendon ruptures |
|
|
gatifloxacin
|
fluorquinolone: inhibit gyrase
tendon ruptures |
|
|
moxifloxacin
|
fluorquinolone: inhibit gyrase
tendon ruptures |
|
|
rifampin
|
inhibit DNA dep RNA poly
not used singly potent inducer of CYP3A4 |
|
|
rifabutin
|
inhibit DNA dep RNA poly
mycobacterium avium complexes |
|
|
sulfisoxazole
|
sulfonamide: PABA analog, inhibit dihydropteroate synthetase;
metabolized by acetylation |
|
|
sulfacetamide
|
sulfonamide: PABA analog, inhibit dihydropteroate synthetase;
metabolized by acetylation |
|
|
siver sulfadiazine
|
sulfonamide: PABA analog, inhibit dihydropteroate synthetase;
metabolized by acetylation |
|
|
sulfaxalazine
|
sulfonamide: PABA analog, inhibit dihydropteroate synthetase;
metabolized by acetylation |
|
|
trimethoprim
|
inhibit dihydrofolate reductase
|
|
|
nitrofurantoin
|
UTI
pulmonary fibrosis |
|
|
methenamine
|
prophylaxis for cystitis
breaks down to ammonia and formeldehyde |
|
|
fosfomycin
|
cell wall synthesis inhibitor
UTI distributed to bladder, prostate, etc |
|
|
daptomycin
|
bind Gm(+) cell membrane via Ca dependent process to disrupt membrane potential;
active against resting, growing, biofilms |
|
|
colistin
|
polymyxin
polypeptide detergent nephrotoxicity last resort vs Gm(-) |
|
|
colistimethate
|
polymyxin
polypeptide detergent nephrotoxicity last resort vs Gm(-) |
|
|
polymyxin B
|
polymyxin
polypeptide detergent nephrotoxicity last resort vs Gm(-) |
|
|
metronidazole
|
reduced to free radical species that damage DNA
headache metallic taste disulfuram like reaction |
|
|
spectinomycin
|
alternative drug for gonorrhea
NOT active vs t. pallidum |
|
|
isoniazid
|
inhibits synthesis of mycolic acids
peripheral neuropathy in slow acetylators give with pyridoxine isoniazid induced hepatitis |
|
|
ethambutol
|
tb drug
uni or bilateral ocular toxicity hyperuricemia |
|
|
pyrazinamide
|
tb drug
hepatotoxicity hyperuricemia |
|
|
streptomycin
|
tb drug
injected aminoglycoside ototoxicity nephrotoxicity |
|
|
dapsone
|
leprosy drug
inhibition of folic acid synthesis |
|
|
clofazimine
|
leprosy drug
|
