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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Irreversible cell injury during necrosis.
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Loss of membrane integrity
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CHF with verntricular hypertrophy. Normal serum levels. No artherosclerosis.
Stenotic valve due to what? |
Dystrophic calcium deposit (occurs with age)
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What does glutathione peroxidase do?
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Catalyzes breakdown of H2O2
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What does phospholipase do?
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Degrades cell phospholipids, promotes cell membrane injury
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What are elevated lactate DH levels indicative of?
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Cell death
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What is karyolysis?
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Fading of cell nuclei in dead cells
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What kind of cells have the highest telomerase activity?
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Germ cells! Always replicating
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What effect would reflux of gastric acid have on esophagus?
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Metaplasia! Replacement of squamous with columnar/goblet
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Menstruation: apoptotic or necrotic?
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Apoptotic
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What effect would a defect in p53 have on patients undergoing chemotherapy?
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Chemotherapy works by damaging DNA; if you have a defect in p53, you're not going to detect the damage!
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Why do reperfusion injuries result in cell damage?
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Generation of O2-derived free radicals in damaged cells
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If nuclear fragmentation reversible?
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NO-->CELL DEATH
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What is the relationship between leukotrienes and asthma?
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Leukotrienes induce bronchoconstriction
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Bradykinin effects
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Pain, increased vasc permeability
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C3a effects
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increased vasc permeability
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Factors released by activated macrophages for angiogenesis
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IL-1
bFGF TNF |
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Mechanism of ASA
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inhibits COW, decreases PG's
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Histamine effects
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increased vasc perm, increased mucous secretions
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Granulomatous vs Chronic Inflammation
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Granulomatous MUST HAVE GIANT CELLS (MULTI-NUCLEATE)
Chronic inflammation: tissue destruction, mononucleate cell infiltration, repair |
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What is serous inflammation?
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Blistering
Mildest form of acute inflammation |
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Leukotriene B4 vs TNF
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Leukotriene B4: recruitment of neutrophils via chemotaxis
TNF: major cytokine of fever, acute p hase responses (nausea, neutrophil release) |
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Selectins vs Integrins
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Selectins: Rolling (with sialylated Lewis X)
Integrins: Firm adhesino |
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Recurring granulomatous infection, normal WBC levels. What causes decreased killing of microbes?
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Defect in NADPH Oxidase
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What does respiratory burst in nphils refer to?
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Increased O2 consumption for generating ROS
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What effect would NO release by endothelial cells have during an occlusion?
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Would induce vasodilation (inhibits ischemic injury)
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Effect PAF
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vasoconstriction
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Effect of Leukotriene E 4
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Vasoconstriction
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Effect of Bradykinin
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Vasc perm, pain
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Cytokine required for giant cell formation.
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IFN-gamma
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2 weeks of antibiotics for pneumonia; get liquid density in lung. What type of necrosis?
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Liquefactive necrosis (ABSCESS)
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Inducers of acute phase reactions?
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Acute phase reaction = FEVER, nausea, etc
CRP Fibrinogen SAA (serum amyloid A) |
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TGF-beta results in?
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Fibrosis
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Effect of histamine on endothelial cells.
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Contraction (inc vasc perm)
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Effect of leukotrienes on endothelial cells.
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Contraction (inc vasc perm)
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If neutrophils phagocytose microbes in normal serum, but not in a patient's serum, where is the deficiency?
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Immunoglobulins; would inhibit opsonization and phagocytosis of microbes
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Purulent exudate
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PUS
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iNOS vs ENOS
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iNOS: cytokine inducibile NO synthase; macs make it after activation by IFN gamma to KILL STUFF
ENOS: used by endothelial cells for vasodilation (non-microbicidal use) |
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TGF-beta effect on collagen
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Inihibits its degradation; stimulates fibroblast chemotaxis
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Effect of glucocorticoids on healing
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Inhibit collagen synthesis, decreased scarring, takes longer to heal
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When does wound strength peak?
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~3 months (80%)
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Function of metalloprotease
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Degrades collagen to remodel wound tissue in repair
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Role of fibronectin
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Forms cellular scaffold for growth repair; integrins interact with to promote cell attachment
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Role of PDGF
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recruits fibroblasts and monocytes
released by endoth cells, macs, smooth muscle cells, platelets |
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How would you identify granulation tissue histologically?
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You'd see lots of blood cells (capillaries) in collagen deposits
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