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95 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which pathogen is the primary causative agent for dental caries (tooth decay)?
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Streptococcus mutans is the primary causative agent for which condition?
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Which pathogen is the primary causative agent for gingivitis?
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Porphyromonas gingivalis is the primary causative agent for which condition?
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Your patient has abrupt onset of fever, painful bleeding gums, and a foul mouth odor. What do you suspect?
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Trench mouth has what major features?
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What are the causative organisms of trench mouth?
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Spirochetes (Treponema) and anaerobic bacteria together cause what condition?
Note that T. pallidum causes syphillis- not this. |
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What is the most common cause of diarrhea in the US?
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Campylobacter is the most common cause of what in the US?
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What are the most likely infections to occur as a result of failure of basic public health sanitary measures?
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Salmonella typhi and Vibrio Cholerae are the most likely infections to occur in what situation?
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What is the most common cause of traveller's diarrhea?
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ETEC is the most common cause of what type of diarrhea?
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What is the most likely source of infection in the case of traveller's diarrhea? Give an example.
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Ingestion of uncooked or incompletely cooked foods is the most likely source of what type of diarrhea?
Salads with raw vegetables- ETEC |
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What is the most likely cause of food poisoning?
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Improper food handling procedures, specifically improper storage temperatures, are the most important contributing factor in what illness?
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What are the three most likely pathogens responsible for food poisoning?
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Salmonella, C. perfringens, and S. aureus are the most common cause of what illness?
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What are the most common organisms responsible for hospital associated diarrhea in infants?
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E. Coli and Rotavirus are the most common pathogens responsible for hospital associated diarrhea in what population?
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What is the most common organism responsible for hospital associated diarrhea in patients on antibiotics?
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C. difficile is the most common pathogen responsible for hospital associated diarrhea in what population?
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Which forms of hepatitis are bloodbourne?
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Hepatitis B, C, D, and G are transmitted via what route?
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Microscopic pathology of a liver with hepatitis would show what?
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Panlobular infiltration w/ mononuclear cells
Hepatic cell necrosis Kupffer cell hyperplasia Cholestasis What's wrong with this patient? |
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Smaller volume stools with blood and pus are commonly associated with what type of diarrhea?
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Dysentery causes what type of diarrhea?
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The proximal small intestines will produce what type of diarrhea when infected?
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Watery diarrhea is usually due to an attack of what part of the intestines?
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The distal small intestines will produce what type of diarrhea when infected?
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Mild and late appearing diarrhea is commonly associated with Enteric Fever, which is generally due to invasion and penetration of what part of the intestines?
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What is the most common cause of diarrhea in children under 2 years of age?
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Rotavirus is the most common cause of diarrhea in what population?
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Travelling to freakin anywhere puts you at risk for infection by which pathogen?
Asia Africa Middle East Gulf Coast of LA/TX South or Central America |
Vibrio Cholerae should be expected in travellers visiting which areas of the globe?
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A patient is probably suffering from intoxication (rather than infection) when what feature is present?
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When symptoms appear abruptly, the patient is more likely to be suffering from _____, rather than _____.
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Wars, armies, crowds, and movement are often associated with epidemics of what pathogen?
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Shigella epidemics are generally associated with what factors?
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What is the most common cause of waterbourne epidemics in the US?
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Giardia
Cryptosporidium E. Coli O157:H7 These are the three most common culprits of what? |
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What are the signs of hepatic regeneration?
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Multinucleated cells with mitotic figures and rosette or pseudoacinar formation are generally indicative of what?
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What are the signs of hepatic cell damage?
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Cell dropout, ballooning, and acidophilic degeneration forming apoptotic (AKA Councilman) bodies are generally indicative of what?
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What type of hepatitis is associated with mental hospitals and day cares?
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Hep A generally affects which populations?
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Which type of hepatitis is associated with increased bilirubin and aminotransferase?
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Hep A generally shows what lab values?
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Which type of hepatitis is associated with dark urine and clay colored stools?
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Hep A generally shows what type of excretions?
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Which type of hepatitis is associated with puritis?
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Hep A can cause cholestatic hepatitis which has what unusual symptom?
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Which type of hepatitis is treated only with supportive therapy and avoidance of alcohol and acetominophen?
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Hep A has what treatment?
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When can you give immune serum globulin for HAV infection?
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What substance can be administered after exposure but before symptoms appear (during incubation period)?
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Which gene of the HBV genome transactivates transcription of cellular and viral genes? It also binds p53, which leads to cancer.
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HBV's X-gene has what association with cancer?
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Which HBV gene is responsible for nucleocapsid proteins (HBeAg, HBcAg)?
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HBV's C-gene is responsible for what?
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Which HBV gene is responsible for the major envelope protein HBsAg? What combinations make the large and middle proteins?
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HBV's S-gene is responsible for what?
preS1 + preS2 + S = ? preS2 + S = ? |
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What is the BEST method for diagnosing HBV?
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Detection of IgM Ab to HBcAg with or without HBsAg in serum is the ____ diagnostic tool for which hepatitis?
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Polyarteritis nodosa is most likely associated with what type of hepatitis, and what is the pathology?
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Small and medium sized arterioles can develop deposits of HBsAg, Ig's, and complements in what immune-complex mediated damage often associated with Hep B?
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Which type of hepatitis is treated with interferon-alpha, lamivudin (RT-), and adefovir (NA)? NO STEROIDS!
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Hep B is treated with what medications?
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Which type of hepatitis is treated with interferon-alpha and ribavirin? NO STEROIDS!
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Hep C is treated with what medications?
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Which type of hepatitis is diagnosed by detection of RNA via PCR? Results for both Ag and Ab can be negative.
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Hep C is diagnosed on what basis?
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Which forms of hepatitis have vaccinations?
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Hepatitis A and B are the only forms with what?
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Flaviviridae member
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Hep C and Hep G family
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Calcivirus member
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Hep E family
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Hepadnevirus member
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Hep B family
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Picornavirus member
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Hep A family
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Which forms of hepatitis virus have an envelope? Which do not?
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Hep B, C, and G are ____.
Hep A and E are ____. Envelope? |
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All types of Hep virus have what type of genome? Which is the exception with a partially incomplete dsDNA?
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All types of hep virus have ssRNA, except Hep B, which has what type of genome?
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Which type of hepatitis is associated with rash and arthritis?
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Hep B has what unique symptoms?
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Which type of hepatitis is associated with anicterus and an increased or normal ALT?
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Hep C has what unique symptoms?
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Which form of hepatitis has a protein RNA complex combined with Ag and surrounded by HBsAg?
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Hep D has what virulence factor?
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What is the function of HBsAg for Hep D?
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What part of Hep B helps Hep D assemble its protein coat?
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What's on your differential for watery diarrhea (Hartley)?
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EPEC
ETEC viral (EAEC) This differential goes along with what type of diarrhea (Hartley)? |
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What's on your differential for bloody diarrhea (Hartley)?
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EHEC
Shigella/EIEC (EAEC) This differential goes along with what type of diarrhea (Hartley)? |
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What's on your differential for watery and mucousy diarrhea (Hartley)?
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EPEC
This differential goes along with what type of diarrhea (Hartley)? |
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What's on your differential for diarrhea with recent travel (Hartley)?
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ETEC*
EAEC Rotavirus This differential goes along with what type of diarrhea (Hartley)? |
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What's on your differential for diarrhea of 6d duration (Hartley)?
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EAEC
(ETEC, Shigella) This differential goes along with what type of diarrhea (Hartley)? |
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What's on your differential for diarrhea with recent meal of beef?
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EHEC
This differential goes along with what type of diarrhea (Hartley)? |
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Which E. coli has the potential to cause HUS? What do you do?
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EHEC infected patients should be monitored for renal failure due to the increased risk of what?
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What is the reservoir for EIEC?
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Humans are the primary reservoir for what type of E. coli?
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How does EIEC spread to neighboring cells?
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Which form of E. coli spreads to neighboring cells via actin tails?
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Which E. coli stacks itself like bricks?
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EAEC is distributed in what fashion along the large intestines?
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What factor makes a diagnosis of EHEC?
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O157 seropositive and a culture that fails to ferment sorbitol is diagnostic of which type of E. coli?
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Which type of E. coli is associated with improperly cooked food?
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EHEC is transmitted most commonly through what means?
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Adult asymptomatic cattle are the primary reservoir for what type of E. coli?
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EHEC has what primary reservoir?
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Which E. coli often co-infects with EAEC and Campylobacter?
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ETEC often co-infects with what other pathogens?
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What is the most common cause of traveller's diarrhea according to Hartley?
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ETEC is the most common cause of what according to Hartley?
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What type of E. coli would produce the following symptoms?
Watery diarrhea Cramps Vomitting Malaise Fever |
ETEC produces what symptoms?
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What type of E. coli would produce the following symptoms?
Fever Vomitting Watery Diarrhea (possible mucous) |
EPEC produces what symptoms?
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What type of E. coli would produce the following symptoms?
Bloody diarrhea (no pus) Abd cramps Fever HUS risk |
EHEC produces what symptoms?
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What type of E. coli would produce the following symptoms?
Fever Abd cramps Blood AND pus in feces Watery diarrhea (dysentery/inflamm colitis poss) |
EIEC produces what symptoms?
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What type of E. coli would produce the following symptoms?
Watery diarrhea (sometimes blood/mucous) Abd cramps Protracted course >14d |
EAEC produces what symptoms?
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Which form of E. coli induces uptake by M-cells and ruptures macrophages/endocytotic vesicles?
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EIEC has what type of virulence?
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Which form of E. coli has a small toxin (ST) and a heat labile (LT) toxin?
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ETEC has what type of virulence?
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Which form of E. coli has toxicity when Tir binds intimin (injection) and Tir associates with spectrin and actinin (pedestal/tight adherance)?
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EPEC has what type of virulence?
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Which form of E. coli has an A toxin which cleaves 1 adenine residue from 28s rRNA to stop host protein synthesis? It's B protein has a receptor on TNF-a treated glomerular microvascular endothelial cells?
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EHEC has what type of virulence?
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Which form of E. coli has toxins ShET1, EAST1, and Pet serine protease?
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EAEC has what type of virulence?
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What is the most common cause of gastritis/gastric ulcer/duodenal ulcer?
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H. pylori is the most common cause of what conditions?
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What gene and its associated pathogen cause an increased risk of gastric adenocarcinoma or MALT lymphoma?
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The CagA gene of H. pylori is associated with an increased risk of what types of cancer?
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What is the MOA of cholera toxin (CT) of Vibrio cholerae?
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Which toxin locks G protein in its activated state? What is the pathogen?
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What is the treatment for V. cholerae?
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In addition to tetracycline, replacement of fluids (isotonic saline, hypertonic bicarb/K) is the treatment for which pathogen?
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What is the MOA for cytolethal distending toxin of Campylobacter jejuni?
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Which toxin arrests cell division (not the cause of diarrhea) and what pathogen is it associated with?
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Which pathogen is B-lactam resistant, and therefore treated with macrolides (eryth) or fluroquinolones?
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What is the treatment for Campylobacter jejuni?
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What is the basis of diagnosis of Salmonella typhi?
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Growth on Hektoen agar with no lactose and with H2S production is indicative of what pathogen?
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What is the cause of diarrhea in Salmonella enterica?
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Increased vascular permeability is the main cause of diarrhea for which pathogen?
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How does Salmonella typhi survive within macrophages?
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Inhibition of the oxidative burst (thus inhibiting apoptosis) allows survival of which pathogen in what host cells?
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Faint rash or rose spots on the abdomen is associated with what pathogen?
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Salmonella typhi presents with what type of skin rash?
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Vibrio cholera produces what quality of stool?
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Rice water stool is associated with which pathogen?
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If you ate at a large gathering where meat was precooked and heated in bulk, you are at risk of infection with which pathogen?
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Clostridium perfringens is generally transmitted via what means?
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If you ate salty meat, custard pastry, potatoe salad, or ice cream, you are at most risk for infection by which pathogen?
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S. aureus is often found in what foods?
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If you ate home canned vegetables, you are at highest risk for infection by what pathogen?
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Clostridium botulinum is often found in what foods?
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What is the virulence of S. aureus?
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Enterotoxins A-E are associated with what pathogen?
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Giardia lambdia is most frequently transmitted in what environment?
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Day care centers or drinking water from Mt Charleston are associated with what pathogen?
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Flask shaped ulcers are associated with what pathogen?
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Entamoeba histolytica causes what type of ulcers?
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The oocytes of which pathogen are NOT infective?
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Cyclospora Cayetanensis has what non-infective phase of the life cycle?
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Peritonitis or liver abscesses can be seen with what pathogen?
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Entamoeba histolytica can have what systemic manifestations?
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A ventral sucking disc is part of which organism?
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Giardia Lambdia has what anatomic feature to help it grab on?
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If you ate Guatemalan raspberries or tropical fruits, you risk infection by which pathogen?
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Cyclospora Cayetanensis is transmitted via what foods?
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