Block 4 Embryology Md 1 Genital Import

Front 1

From what does the urogenital ridge arise?

Back 1

Intermediate mesoderm

Front 2

The nephrogenic ridge gives rise to what?

Back 2

urinary system

Front 3

Gene responsible for the production of testis-determining factor, and thus the development of the testes.

Back 3

SRY gene (sex determining region of Y)

Front 4

responsible for gonadal cords
differentiating into
seminiferous tubules.

Back 4

Testis-determining factor

Front 5

47, XXY

Back 5

Klinefelter syndrome

Front 6

Most common abnormality of sexual differentiation
(1 in 850)

Back 6

Klinefelter syndrome

Front 7

What is Klinefelter syndrome due to?

Back 7

Non-dysjunction of the
XX homologues

Front 8

45 X

Back 8

Turner Syndrome

Front 9

lack of the paternal sex chromosome

Back 9

Turner syndrome

Front 10

Gametes migrate from the ________ into the genital (gonadal) ridge

Back 10

Gametes migrate from the yolk sac! ON THE TEST!!

Front 11

______ enter the genital ridge during the latter part of the 5th week of development

Back 11

Primordial germ cells

Front 12

In the male, primordial germ cells migrate into the ______

Back 12

gonadal cords

Front 13

In the female, primordial germ cells remain in the ______

Back 13

underlying mesenchyme

Front 14

Precursors of Sertoli Cells

Back 14

Gondal cords from the ST

Front 15

Gonadal cords contain the _____ that have migrated from the yolk sac

Back 15

Spermatogonia
(primordial germ cell)

Front 16

Gonadal cords become the: 3 things

Back 16

ST, Straight Tubules and Rete Testis

Front 17

Mesonephric ductules (tubules) become the:

Back 17

Efferent ductules

Front 18

From what do the Leydig cells develop?

Back 18

mesenchyme

Front 19

What stimulates Sertoli cells to produce anti-mullarian hormone
(Mullarian inhibitory substance/factor)?

Back 19

HCG

Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin

Front 20

Substance that suppresses the development of the paramesonephric ducts =
(Mullarian ducts)

Back 20

MIS

Mullarian inhibitory substance
from _____ _____ =
(Stimulated by ___ =)

Hint 20

Sertoli Cells

HCG

Front 21

How many chromosomes does the primary oocyte have?

Back 21

46

Front 22

How many chromosomes does the oogonia have?

Back 22

46

Front 23

Primordial follicle

Back 23

When oogonia is surrounded by follicular cels enter the prohphase 1 stage of _______ =

Hint 23

meiosis

Front 24

The secondary oocyte remains in _______ until fertilization

Back 24

metaphase 2 of ______ =

Hint 24

meiosis

Front 25

The primary follicles with the primary oocyte remain in _______ until a few days before ovulation

Back 25

prophase 1 stage

Front 26

Mesonephric ducts aka
What system =

Paramesonephric ducts aka
What system =

Back 26

(Wolfiian)

(Mullerian)

Front 27

The indifferent sexual duct system consists of the:

Back 27

Mesonephric ( ) ducts Paramesonephric ( ) ducts

Hint 27

Wolfiian
Mullerian

Front 28

Caudal ends of the ________ fuse and terminate on the urogenital sinus between the ends of the mesonephric ducts as the uterovaginal primordium

Back 28

paramesonephric ducts

Front 29

In males, anti-müllerian hormone, produced by the _____ ____ causes the ___________

Back 29

Sertoli cells,

paramesonephric (Müllerian) ducts

to degenerate, leaving only the ______ utricle and the
appendix of the _______.

Hint 29

prostatic utricle

and the

appendix of the testis.

Front 30

Remnants of the paremesonephric duct in the male

Back 30

Prostatic utricle and appendix of testis

Front 31

Testosterone produced by the interstitial cells of Leydid causes the mesonephric ducts to become the ____ (3 things)

Back 31

epididymis,
ductus deferens
ejaculatory duct.

Front 32

Prostate and bulbourethral glands develop as an outgrowth of the _____

Back 32

urethra

Front 33

What allows the paramesonephric ducts to develop into the uterine tubes and uterus?

Back 33

Absence of anti-mullariain horomone (no Sertoli cells!)

Front 34

The uterovaginal primordium projects into the dorsal wall of _______ to produce the sinus tubercle (Müllerian tubercle).

Back 34

urogenital sinus

what projects into the Sinus =

& what do the 2 form =

Hint 34

uterovaginal primordium

sinus tubercle
(Müllerian tubercle).

Front 35

From what does the upper vagina develop?

Back 35

Paramesonephric ducts

Front 36

From what does the lower vagina develop?

Back 36

Urogenital sinus

Front 37

______ glands are homologous to the bulbourethral glands in the male

Back 37

Vestibular glands (from urogenital sinus)

Front 38

Where do Gartner's duct cysts come from?

Back 38

Remains of mesonephric ducts (possible cause of pain during intercourse)

Front 39

The process vaginalis becomes what?

Back 39

Tunica vaginalis

Front 40

What does the gubernaculum in the female become?

Back 40

The ligament of the ovary (ovarian ligament) and the round ligament of the uterus

Front 41

Important of testis descent from abdominal cavity into scrotum

Back 41

Testosterone

Front 42

Genital tubercle at cranial end of cloacal membrane becomes the _____

Back 42

phallus

Front 43

Labioscrotal folds are more of folds of the ____

Back 43

body wall

Front 44

divides the cloacal membrane
into a
dorsal anal membrane
and a
ventral urogenital membrane.

Back 44

Urorectal septum

Front 45

Which folds fuse to form the spongy urethra

Back 45

Urogenital folds
aka =

Hint 45

(urethral folds)

Front 46

From what do the corpora cavernosa penis and corpus spongiosum penis develop?

Back 46

mesenchyme of penis

Front 47

What grows in from the glans
and
connects with spongy urethra?

Back 47

Glandular plate

Front 48

Which folds form the scrotum?

Back 48

Labioscrotal swelling

Front 49

Male pseudohermaphrodies (46 XY) may be related to what?

Back 49

inadequate amount of
testosterone
or
MISubstance

Front 50

Hypospadies

Back 50

Urethra opens on the
VENTRAL surface of the penis

Front 51

Hypospadies is due to what?

Back 51

Failure in fusion of the urogenital folds,
failure of glandular plate to join the
spongy urethra

Front 52

Urethra opens on the DORSAL surface of the penis

Back 52

Epispadias (assoc with exstrophy of the bladder)

Front 53

In the female, the labioscrotal swellings form what?

Back 53

labia majora

Front 54

Urogenital folds
do not fuse in the female,
but form the what?

Back 54

labia minora
(space between the folds becomes the vestibule)

Front 55

Femal pseudohermaphrodies (46 XX);

internal organs female,

why are external genitalia male?

Back 55

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
of the fetal suprarental gland producing
excessive androgenic hormones
(androgens from
zona reticularis
of the cortex of adrenal)

Front 56

Path of Androgen insensitivity syndrome (46, XY)
but looks female phenotypically

Back 56

Due to lack of androgen receptors
(ineffective testosterone receptors)

Front 57

Seminiferous Tubuls

filled with sertoli cells,
and
no production of gametes

Back 57

Androgen insensitivity syndrome; Leydig cells produce a lot of testosterone but that xs testosterone is converted into estradiol

Front 58

sinus tubercle aka

Back 58

(Müllerian tubercle)

Front 59

Müllerian tubercle aka

Back 59

sinus tubercle

Front 60

(urethral folds) aka

Back 60

Urogenital folds

They fuse to form =

Hint 60

spongy urethra