Block 4 Deep Neck, Thyroid, Root

Front 1

Right and left thyroid lobes connected by

Back 1

Isthmus

Front 2

Isthmus located just below

Back 2

Cricoid cartilage

Front 3

Bottom of thyroid usually goes to ___ vertebral level

Back 3

C4 or C6

Front 4

Remnant of embryonic thyroglossal duct

Back 4

Pyramidal lobe

Front 5

Foramen cecum

Back 5

Where thyroid pierces through tongue through the thyroglossal duct

Front 6

____ (3) occurs when thyroid is enlarged

Back 6

Dysphagia
Dispnea
Infection

Front 7

Dysphagia

Back 7

difficulty or discomfort in swallowing, as a symptom of disease

Front 8

Right and left thyroid lobes connected by

Back 8

Isthmus

Front 9

Dyspnea

Back 9

difficult or labored breathing

Front 10

Potential sites of abberant thyroid glandular tissue/thyroglossal duct tissue (3)

Back 10

Superior/infront of thyroid cartilage
Superior/in front of hyoid bone
Superior to hyoid bone - root of mouth

Front 11

Blood supply to thyroid
-2 arteries
--Occasional 3rd

Back 11

1. Superior thyroid (from ext. carotid)
2. Inferior thyroid (from thyrocervical trunk)
--3. Thyroid Ima (from subclavian)

Front 12

Vascular supply to thyroid
-3 veins
-____ drain into internal jugular
-____ drain into brachiocephalic

Back 12

1. Superior thyroid - Int. jug.
2. Middle thyroid - int. jug.
3. Inferior thyroid - brachiocephalic

Front 13

Surgical relations to thyroid gland

Back 13

Inferior thyroid a. to recurrent laryngeal n.

Front 14

Parathyroid glands located ____ on thyroid

Back 14

Posterior

Front 15

C cells produce

Back 15

Calcitonin

Front 16

Calcitonin

Back 16

Reduces blood calcium levels by stimulating calcium resorption by the bone (osteoblasts)

Front 17

Function of thryoid gland

Back 17

Endocrine gland that produces thyroid hormone & calcitonin

Front 18

Follicular cells produce _____ under control of _____

Back 18

Thyroid hormone; anterior pituitary

Front 19

Anterior pituitary under control of

Back 19

Hypothalamus

Front 20

Thyroid hormone works in conjunction with ____ to stimulate ____

Back 20

Growth hormone; cellular metabolism

Front 21

Thyroid hormone
-Increases
-Important in
-Crucial in normal development of

Back 21

-Metabolism
-Body growth
-NS

Front 22

____ is essential diet component for TH

Back 22

iodine

Front 23

Hyperthyroidism cause
Hyperthyroidism presentation (4)

Back 23

Too much TH
Skinny
Jittery
Nervous
Dry skin

Front 24

Hypothyroidism cause, presentation (3)

Back 24

Too little thyroid hormone
Fat
Sluggish
Tired

Front 25

Calcitonin stimualtes osteo____

Back 25

Blasts

Front 26

PTH stimulates osteo____

Back 26

plasts

Front 27

____ is an antagonist to calcitonin

Back 27

PTH

Front 28

____ increases blood calcium

Back 28

PTH

Front 29

PTH stimulates Ca+ release from ____; conservation by ___, activation of

Back 29

bone; kidney; Vitamin D

Front 30

Parathyroid in relation to thyroid capsule

Back 30

Within

Front 31

Low calcium levels lead to life threatening _____ disorders

Back 31

neuromuscular

Front 32

Parathyroid supplied by ____ a.

Back 32

Inferior thyroid

Front 33

-Goiter
-Usual cause worldwide
-Usual US cause

Back 33

-Enlargement of thyroid gland
-Iodine deficiency
-Hyper/hypothyroidism

Front 34

Enlargement of thyroid gland compresses
1.
2.
3.
4. (nerve)

Back 34

1. Trachea
2. Larynx
3. Esophagus
4. Recurrent laryngeal n.

Front 35

Grave's disease

Back 35

Autoimmune disease; immune system overstimulates thyroid gland, causing hyperthyroidism

Front 36

Extreme Hyperthyroidism symptoms
(PEG)

Back 36

Proptosis
exophthalmos
Goiter

Front 37

exophthalmos

Back 37

abnormal protrusion of the eyeball or eyeballs

Front 38

Proptosis

Back 38

abnormal protrusion or displacement of an eye or other body part

Front 39

Hashimoto's Disease

Back 39

Autoimmune disease; Chronic thryoiditis, thyroid is destroyed resulting in hypothyroidism & goiter

Front 40

-Antibody implicated in Grave's disease
-Role

Back 40

-Thyroid Stimulating Immunoglobulin
-Binds to thyroid cells, mimics TSH

Front 41

Dangers of thyroidectomy

Back 41

Bleeding
Damage to recurrent pharyngeal

Front 42

Hyper & Hypoparathyroidism

Back 42

Remember PTH is antagonist to TH

Front 43

Carotid Triangle Boundaries

Back 43

Posterior digastric
Superior Omohyoid
Anterior border of SCM

Front 44

Carotid sheath extends from ___ to ___

Back 44

Base of skull to root of neck

Front 45

Carotid sheath contributed to from:

Back 45

All fascial layers of neck

Front 46

Investing layer of deep cervical fascia
-Surrounds
-Splits into 2 layers to enclose:

Back 46

-Entire neck
-Trapezius/SCM & Supra/infrahyoid mm.

Front 47

Prevertebral fascia
-Surrounds
-Becomes continuous with ____ at _____

Back 47

-Everything except trap and SCM
-Endothoracic fascia; anterior longitudinal ligament

Front 48

Sympathetic trunk covered by ____ fascia

Back 48

Prevertebral

Front 49

50% of retropharyngeal abscesses occur in pt. _____ age; 96% occurring before

Back 49

6-12 months; 6 year

Front 50

Retropharyngeal abscess symptoms in children

Back 50

Irritability
Lymphadenopathy
Torticollis
Poor oral intake
Sore throat
Drooling

Front 51

Torticollis

Back 51

a condition in which the head becomes persistently turned to one side

Front 52

Retropharyngeal abscess symptoms in adults

Back 52

Pain
Dysphagia
Snoring
Nasal obstruction
Anorexia

Front 53

General Retropharyngeal abscess symptoms

Back 53

Dyspnea
Respiratory distress
Lateral or posterior oropharyngeal wall bulge

Front 54

Retropharyngeal abscess cause in children

Back 54

Suppurative process in lymph nodes (nose, adenoids, nasopharynx, sinuses)

Front 55

Suppurate

Back 55

undergo the formation of pus; fester

Front 56

Retropharyngeal abscess cause in adults

Back 56

Trauma, instrumentation

Front 57

Submandibular space abscess symptoms

Back 57

Pain
Drooling
Dysphagia
Neck stiffness/anterior neck swelling
Floor of mouth edema

Front 58

Cause of submandibular abscess is usually

Back 58

Odontogenic origin

Front 59

Ludwig's angina

Back 59

Infection of the floor of the mouth (submandibular space) with secondary involvement of sublingual and submental spaces

Front 60

___ gland surrounds the terminal portion of the submandibular duct

Back 60

Sublingual gland

Front 61

Sublingual gland supplied by ___ innervation

Back 61

Parasympathetic (Secretomotor) from submandibular ganglion either directly or through lingual n.

Front 62

Thoracic duct drains:

Back 62

LE, L. UE, L. Head

Front 63

Right lymphatic duct drains

Back 63

R Head, R UE

Front 64

Scalp/skin lesions with metastasize to ___ area

Back 64

In front of ear

Front 65

Oropharynx, hypopharynx lesions with metastasize to ___ area

Back 65

Below ear

Front 66

Nasopharynx lesions with metastasize to ___ area

Back 66

Posterolateral neck

Front 67

GI, UG, Pulmonary lesions with metastasize to ___ area

Back 67

Root of neck

Front 68

Oral cavity lesions with metastasize to ___ area

Back 68

Body of mandible

Front 69

Larynx, tongue, hypopharynx lesions with metastasize to ___ area

Back 69

Anterior border of SCM

Front 70

Recurrent laryngeal n. travels up between ___ and __ before reaching larynx

Back 70

Esophagus; thyroid

Front 71

Esophagus
Upper 1/3 is ____ m.
Middle
Lower

Back 71

Skeletal
Mix
Smooth

Front 72

Root of the neck

Back 72

Junction between neck and thorax

Front 73

Green layer
Orange layer
Purple Layer
Red

Back 73

-Investing layer of deep cervical fascia
-Prevertebral fascia
-Pretracheal fascia
-Carotid sheath

Front 74

Superior thyroid a. supplies (SIS)

Back 74

SCM
Infrahyoids
Superior pole of thyroid

Front 75

Submandibular gland is 1 of 3 ____; secretes it's product into ____

Back 75

Salivary glands; submandibular duct (Wharton's duct)

Front 76

Innervation of submandibular gland

Back 76

CN VII (Facial) via chorda tympani

Front 77

-Type of secretions from parotid gland
-Type of secretions from Sublingual gland
-Type of secretions from submandibular gland

Back 77

-Watery/serous
-Thick, mucousy
-Mix of serous and mucous

Front 78

Parasympathetic stimulation of submandibular gland produces ___ saliva because

Back 78

Watery; vessels dilate

Front 79

Sympathetic stimulation of submandibular gland produces ___ saliva because

Back 79

Thick mucousy; vessels constrict

Front 80

Subclavian vessels
"Very Tired Individuals Sip Strong Coffee Served Daily"

Back 80

• Vertebral artery
• Thyrocervical trunk
--Inferior thyroid
--Superficial cervical
--Suprascapular
•Costocervical
--Superior intercostal
--Deep cervical

Front 81

Largest branch off aorta

Back 81

Brachiocephalic trunk

Front 82

Thoracic duct travels posterior to ____ before draining into ____

Back 82

Carotid sheath; junction of L subclavian and L internal jugular

Front 83

-Location of 1st part of subclavian
-Branches off 1st part of subclavian a.

Back 83

-Medial to anterior scalene
Vertebral
Internal thoracic
Thyrocervical trunk

Front 84

Vertebral a. travels through:

Back 84

Foramina of C6-1

Front 85

___ gives off anterior intercostal aa.

Back 85

Internal thoracic

Front 86

-2nd part of subclavian (location)
-Branches of 2nd part of subclavian

Back 86

-Posterior to anterior scalene
Costocervical trunk

Front 87

-Location of 3rd part of subclavian a.
-Branches

Back 87

Lateral to anterior scalene
Dorsal scapular