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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Lateral masses of atlas contains
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Articulating facets
Transverse process Groove for vertebral a. |
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Dens is located _____
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Anteriorly (functions as body of axis)
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Lateral grooves on dens are attachment for
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Alar ligaments
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Bottom of dens is attachment for
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Tranverse ligament
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____ facet of atlas is curved; ____ is flat
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Superior; inferior
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Atlas vs. Axis: ___ has 2 lamina while ___ has none
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Axis; atlas
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Atlas vs. Axis: ___ has bifid spinous process
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Axis
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membrane between top of atlas and bottom of skull
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Atlanto occipital ligament
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Anterior atlanto-occipital ligament becomes _____ after the atlas
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anterior longitudinal ligament
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Posterior atlanto-occipital ligament
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Ligamentum flavum
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Tectoral membrane becomes
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Posterior longitudinal ligament (over cruciate, alar, etc)
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___ ligament holds dens tightly onto posterior part of anterior arch of atlas
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Transverse
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Apical ligament extends from ___ to ____
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Apex of dens; anterior part of foramen magnum
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___ ligament holds dens to occiput; ___ holds it to C1
(___ & ___ are attached; ____ is attached to skull) |
-Alar; transverse/cruciate
-C1 & C2; C2 |
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-No motion formed by
-yes |
-Atlas on axis
-Skull & C1 |
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Bambooing
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Reduction of normal lordosis of cervical spine
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Jefferson Fracture
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Burst fracture of C1 (lateral masses)
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Fracture above ___ cervical vertebrae results in death from paralysis or denervation phrenic
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C4
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Hangman's fracture
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Fracture dislocation of C2 through pedicle
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-Most cervical spine fractures of ___ are lower (around C5/6)
-____Are higher (C4) |
Adult; children
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-Steele's Rule of Thirds
--Dens --Spinal cord --Spaces |
-How much distance should see in cross section of veretebrae
--Dens occupies 1/3 --Spinal cord: 1/3 --Spaces: 1/6 & 1/6 |
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Disruption of transverse ligament results in ___
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Atlas sliding forward
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3 parts of the pharynx
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Naso
Oro Laryngo |
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-Nasopharynx location
-Connected to nasal cavity via___ & tympanic cavity via ___ |
-Nasal choana behind nasal cavity above soft palate
-Nasal choanae; auditory tube |
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-Oropharynx location
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Between soft palate &epiglottis
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Laryngopharynx location
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Upper border to epiglottis to lower border to cricoid
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Piriform recess
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Each side of opening of larynx
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Adenoids
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Swollen pharyngeal tonsils (top of nasal pharynx in choana)
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-Pharynx extends from
-Arises from (3) |
-Esophagus to back of larynx
-Mouth, hyoid bone, laryngeal cartilages |
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Longitudinal mm. of the pharynx (PSS)
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Palatopharyngeus
Stylopharyngeus Salpingopharyngeus |
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Muscles between superior and middle constrictor
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Stylopharyngeus
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Zinker Diverticulum
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Mucosal diverticulum between constrictors off pharyngeal wall
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___ innervates ___ mm. which raises the uvula
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Vagus; levator veli palatini
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Lesion of vagus will cause uvula to contract unilaterally point ____ (what direction) from lesion
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Away
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____ closes nasopharynx form oral pharynx
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Soft palate
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Most prominent structure in:
-Nasopharynx -Oro -Laryngeal |
-Auditory tube
-Soft palate -Epiglottis |
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Palatine tonsils location
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Between palatoglossus & palatopharyngeus mm.
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Auditory tube of child vs. adult; this causes ____
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Child's - flatter, less angled; secretions etc to drain backwards
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Allergies and ear pain
____ swells, blocking auditory tube; ___ secretes fluid in attempt to ____ |
Nasal mucosa; middle ear; equalize pressure
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Only pharyngeal mm. not innervated by vagus
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Stylopharyngeus
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Only tongue mm. not innervated by hypoglossal
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Palatoglossal (10 instead of 12
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Pharyngeal recess is above ____; ___ is behind the recess
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Auditory tube; pharyngeal tonsils
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"Mouth breather" caused by
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Enlarged adenoids
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Ring of tonsilar tissue behind oral cavity guarding GI tract
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Walderi's Tonsilar ring
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Gag reflex
-Afferent n. -Motor n. |
-CN 9
-CN 10 |
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Superior Constrictor M.
-O -I -A -N -V -Note about location |
-medial pterygoid plate, pterygoid hamulus, pterygomandibular raphe, mylohyoid line of mandible
-pharyngeal tubercle and midline pharyngeal raphe -constricts the pharyngeal cavity -vagus (X), via the pharyngeal plexus -ascending pharyngeal a. -Most internal |
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Middle Constrictor M.
-O -I -A -N -V |
-lesser and greater horns of the hyoid bone, stylohyoid ligament
-midline pharyngeal raphe -constricts the pharyngeal cavity -vagus (X), via the pharyngeal plexus -ascending pharyngeal a. |
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Inferior Constrictor M.
-O -I -A -N -V -Note about location |
-oblique line of the thyroid cartilage, lateral surface of cricoid cartilage
-midline pharyngeal raphe -constricts pharyngeal cavity -vagus (X), via the pharyngeal plexus, with aid from the superior laryngeal and recurrent laryngeal nerves -ascending pharyngeal a., superior thyroid a., inferior thyroid a. -Most external |
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Origin of constrictors is ___; insertion is posterior on ____
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Anterior; posterior on raphe
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-___ branch of glossopharyngeal is sensory
--one m. that's innervated |
-Pharyngeal
-Stylopharyngeus |
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N. that allows to stick out tongue
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12
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