Block 3 Heart:

Front 1

Pericardium

Back 1

Covering of the heart

Front 2

3 layers of the pericardium

Back 2

1. Fibrous layer
2. Parietal layer of serous pericardium
3. Visceral layer of serous pericardium

Front 3

Which pericardial layer is continuous with walls of great vessels

Back 3

Fibrous

Front 4

Pericardial cavity found between _____ layers of the pericardium

Back 4

Parietal layer of serous & visceral layer of serous pericardium

Front 5

_____ forms the outmost covering of the actual heart

Back 5

Visceral layer of serous pericardium

Front 6

Transverse sinus

Back 6

Potential space between serous pericardium & visceral pericardium

Front 7

Cardiac tamponade

Back 7

Excess fluid in pericardial space

Front 8

Causes of cardiac tamponade

Back 8

Blunt trauma
Malignancy
Infection

Front 9

Symptoms of cardiac tamponade

Back 9

Decreasing BP
Faint heart sounds
Low voltage EKG
PEA

Front 10

PEA

Back 10

Pulseless electrical activity

Front 11

2 causes of PEA so far

Back 11

1. Cardiac tamponade
2. Tension pneumothorax

Front 12

Treatment of cardiac tamponade

Back 12

Pericardiocentesis

Front 13

Layers of heart deep --> superficial

Back 13

Endocardium --> Myocardium --> Epicardium

Front 14

Epidcardium AKA

Back 14

Visceral layer of serous pericardium

Front 15

Endocardium becomes continuous with:

Back 15

Lining of great vessels

Front 16

Enlargement of right side of heart on x ray, ___ is the cause

Back 16

Right atrium

Front 17

Apex of heart formed by:

Back 17

Left ventricle

Front 18

Groove dividing atrium & ventricles

Back 18

Coronary groove

Front 19

Groove dividing ventricles
--
--

Back 19

Interventricular groove
--Anterior
--Posterior

Front 20

Base of heart located near ___-

Back 20

Sternum

Front 21

Right atrium valves (3)

Back 21

IVC
Tricuspid
Valve of coronary sinus

Front 22

LA valves

Back 22

Mitral

Front 23

Blood route
1. Deoxygenated blood into ___
2.
3. Valve
4.
5. Valve
6.
7.
Oxygenated blood
8.
9.
10. Valve
11.
12. Valve
13.

Back 23

1. Vena Cava
2. Right atrium
3. Tricuspid valve
4. Right ventricle
5. Pulmonary valve
6. Pulmonary a.
7. Lungs
8. Pulmonary v.
9. Left atrium
10. Mitral valve
11. Left ventricle
12. Aortic valve
13. Aorta

Front 24

Supply of Blood to periphery occurs during:

Back 24

Systole

Front 25

During systole, heart muscle cannot be supplied because

Back 25

It's at max contraction

Front 26

Blood supply to heart itself occurs during:

Back 26

Diastole

Front 27

how coronary a. gets blood

Back 27

Backflow of blood from aorta

Front 28

____ are the first branches of anterior aorta

Back 28

Right and left coronary

Front 29

Coronary means

Back 29

Crown

Front 30

Right coronary a. found between ____; on the _____ surface of the heart

Back 30

Anterior aorta & right atrium; anterior

Front 31

Right coronary a. descends in ____ towards:

Back 31

Coronary groove; inferior margin of the heart

Front 32

2 Branches of coronary a.

Back 32

1. Nodal a.
2. Right marginal a.

Front 33

Nodal a. supplies; descend in:

Back 33

SA node; coronary groove

Front 34

Right marginal a. supplies

Back 34

Inferior surface of heart

Front 35

Left coronary a. location

Back 35

Posterior aorta

Front 36

2 branches of left coronary a.

Back 36

1. Circumflex
2. LAD - Left anterior descending

Front 37

Circumflex travels in ____; continuous with

Back 37

Coronary sulcus; right marginal

Front 38

LAD descends towards ____ in _____ groove

Back 38

Apex (lateral); interventricular

Front 39

LAD continues to posterior heart in

Back 39

posterior interventricular groove

Front 40

Most commonly obstructed & sclerosed coronary a.
-Nickname

Back 40

LAD
-Widow maker

Front 41

Left coronary a. dominant =

Back 41

-Circumflex comes down to form posterior interventricular
-LAD comes down to form posterior interventricular

Front 42

Right coronary dominant

Back 42

Right coronary forming posterior interventricular

Front 43

Coronary dominance has implications in

Back 43

Infarction

Front 44

LAD can cause ___ infarctions (
1.
2.
3.
--Most common

Back 44

1. Anterior
2. Septal
3. Lateral
--Most common

Front 45

Circumflex can cause ___ infarctions
1.
2.

Back 45

Anterior lateral
Posterior lateral

Front 46

Artery determining coronary dominance

Back 46

Posterior interventricular

Front 47

Right coronary can cause ____ infarctions
1.
2.

Back 47

Posterior
Inferior

Front 48

If blockage is high enough in right coronary can also cause ____, because of

Back 48

Disturbance of rhythym of SA or AV node; nodal a.

Front 49

Right marginal can cause ___ infarctions

Back 49

Inferior

Front 50

Right marginal can cause ___ infarctions

Back 50

Inferior

Front 51

Test allowing you to see which a. is blocked

Back 51

EKG

Front 52

How EKG allos you to seek which a. is block

Back 52

Allows you to see whether it's an anterior, septal, lateral, inferior, posterior or combo infarction

Front 53

Venous drainage of the heart muscle
1.
2.
3.

Back 53

Great cardiac
Middle cardiac
Small cardiac

Front 54

Great cardiac v. location

Back 54

Anterior interventricular sulcus; follows circumflex a. to posterior coronary sulcus

Front 55

Middle cardiac v. location

Back 55

Posterior interventricular sulcus

Front 56

Small cardiac v. location

Back 56

Inferior heart

Front 57

Coronary veins drain to:

Back 57

Coronary sinus

Front 58

Coronary sinus returns venous blood to:

Back 58

Right atrium

Front 59

2 portions of heart drained separately from the 3 cardiac v.
-
-
-Drained by

Back 59

Anterior surface of heart - RA & proximal RV
-Anterior cardiac v.

Front 60

SA node location

Back 60

Base of superior vena cava, RA

Front 61

AV node location

Back 61

Opening of tricuspid valve RA

Front 62

Tissue type of nodes

Back 62

Not myocardial, but specialized

Front 63

Vein of the RA containing no valve

Back 63

SVC

Front 64

Fossa ovalis
-Location
-Remnant of

Back 64

-Septa
-Fetal foramen ovalis

Front 65

Foramen ovalis function

Back 65

Blood to RA --> LA (instead of RV --> Lungs)

Front 66

Patent foramen ovalis is dangerous with:

Back 66

Embolus (stroke)

Front 67

Rough muscles of RA wall

Back 67

Pectinate muscles

Front 68

Crista terminalis

Back 68

Transition from pectinate muscle to smooth

Front 69

Ear like appendage of each atrium

Back 69

Auricle

Front 70

Clinical relevance of auricle

Back 70

Clots can form here

Front 71

Protrusions of muscles in RV

Back 71

Papillary m.

Front 72

Papillary m. connected to cusp by:

Back 72

Cordae tendinae

Front 73

Papillary m. & cordae tendinae prevent:

Back 73

Cusp folding back into atrium during systole

Front 74

Rough muscles of RV

Back 74

Trabeculae carnae

Front 75

Moderater band
-AKA
-Connects

Back 75

-Septomarginal trabeculae
-Anterior papillary m. to septum

Front 76

Which ventricle is thicker

Back 76

Left

Front 77

Valves that have 3 cusps

Back 77

Pulmonary (2 valves)
Aortic

Front 78

Valves contain ____ to fill the hole in the middle of the 3 cusps

Back 78

Nodules

Front 79

Fibrous skeleton function
1.
2.

Back 79

1. Provides structure for valves of heart
2. Divides Atria and ventral physically & electrically

Front 80

Intrinsic automaticity
-SA - ____ BPM
-AV

Back 80

60
40

Front 81

Heart rate is determined by influence of ____ to SA/AV nodes

Back 81

Sympathetic/parasympathetic input

Front 82

SA/AV Pathway is neither ____ or ___; descrived as "specialized pathway"

Back 82

Neural; myocardial

Front 83

Result of all heart cells connected by gap junction

Back 83

What happens to one will happen to another

Front 84

The intrinsic pacemaker of the heart

Back 84

SA node

Front 85

When AV is stimulated, it's pulse travels to ____ through ____

Back 85

Fibrous skeleton; Bundle of His

Front 86

Bundle of His divisions
1.
2

Back 86

Right
Left

Front 87

Right bundle branch location

Back 87

Moderator band

Front 88

Left bundle branch branches
1.
2.

Back 88

Anterior hemi
Posterior hemi

Front 89

Electrical impulses from skeleton/bundle fibers released through:

Back 89

Perkinje fibers

Front 90

Junctional rhythm occurs when

Back 90

AV is pacemaker

Front 91

Heart block

Back 91

Delay in communication

Front 92

3rd degree heart block

Back 92

No communication between SA & AV

Front 93

If neither node is firing ____ takes over firing; ___BPM

Back 93

Ventricles; 20 BPM

Front 94

Ausculation of heart sounds produced by

Back 94

Closing of valves

Front 95

Valves closing at systole:

Back 95

Tricuspid & mitral

Front 96

Valves closing at diastole

Back 96

Pulmonary & aortic

Front 97

Best place to hear heart sounds:

Back 97

Along the axis of projection down the vessel

Front 98

Best place to hear aortic heart sounds ( & whether systole/diastole?)

Back 98

Right 2nd intercostal space next to sternum
-Diastole

Front 99

Pulmonic heart sounds (systole/diastole?)

Back 99

Left 2nd intercostal
-Diastole

Front 100

Tricuspid heart sounds (systole/diastole?)

Back 100

-Xiphoid
-Systole

Front 101

Mitral heart sounds
(systole/diastole?)

Back 101

-5th intercostal space, midclavicular line
-Systole

Front 102

Loudest valve heart sound

Back 102

Mitral

Front 103

Mitral heart sound location in male

Back 103

Inferolateral to nipple