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7 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Classification of LDL levels
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Optimal = <100
Near optimal = 100 - 129 Borderline High = 130 - 159 High = 160 - 189 Very High = >190 |
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Major risk factors for CHD
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Cigarette smoking
Hypertension Low HDL Family History Age (men > 45; women > 55) |
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Risk categories and LDL goals
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CHD and CHD equivalents LDL < 100
Multiple (2+) Risk factors LDL < 130 0-1 risk factors LDL < 160 |
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Major apolipoprotein components
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HDL -- A1(co-factor for LCAT)
LDL -- B100(recognized by LDL-R) Apolipoprotein measurements may be of more value than cholesterol |
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Lipoprotein(a)
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Recently defined as an independent risk factor
LDL-like structure -- B100 is bound to apolipoprotein(a) Apo(a) is the specific marker of Lp(a) [similar to plasminogen] Promotes thrombosis via interfering with clot lysis Lp(a), when oxidized, is taken up very rapidly by macrophages --> foam cells |
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Homocysteine
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Enhances the atherosclerotic process:
Generates superoxide and H2O2 Enhances blood coagulation Inhibits dilation of small arteries Promotes arterial smooth muscle proliferation Interacts with LDL to form aggregats which are incorporated into foam cells Treatment with folic acid, B6 and B12 lowers homocysteine levels |
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C-Reactive Protein
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Concentrations shown to be related to endothelial dysfunction
Good predictor of future risk of vascular disease |
