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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Definitions of staging of Hypertension
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Normal -- Systolic < 120; Diastolic < 80
Pre-hypertension -- Systolic 120 - 139; Diastolic 80 - 89 Stage 1 -- Systolic 140 - 159; Diastolic 90 - 99 Stage 2 -- Systolic > 160; Diastolic > 99 Based on average of > 2 readings @ > visits |
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Breakdown of hypertension cases
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Primary Hypertension -- 95%
Secondary Hypertension -- 5% |
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Benign Hypertension
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Diastolic 90 - 120, slow rise
Pts. are usually middle-aged or elderly Common (95%) Very slow course |
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Malignant Hypertension
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Diastolic > 120, rapid rise
Pts. are young or middle-aged Uncommon (5%) Very rapid course (months) |
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Glucocorticoid-Remediable Aldosteronism (GRA)
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Autosomal Dominant
Chromosome 8q Chimeric gene causes ectopic aldosterone production Under control of ACTH |
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APPARENT Mineralocorticoid Excess (AME)
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Autosomal recessive
Chromosome 16q Inactivating mutation of beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase Increased levels of cortisol stimulate mineralocorticoid receptors |
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Liddle Syndrome
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Autosomal dominant
Chromosome 16p Gain of function mutation causes sustained sodium channel activity Independent of mineralocorticoids |
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Lifestyle risk factors for hypertension
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Stress
Obesity Inactivity Alcohol Intake Smoking High Sodium |
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Conn Syndrome
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Primary Hyperaldosteronism
Caused by adrenal cortical adenoma Or, Idiopathic Bilateral Adrenal Hyperplasia |
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CV system complications of hypertension
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LVH
LAE Aortic root dilatation Eventual diastolic dysfunction Acceleration of atherosclerosis |
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Renal complications due to hypertension
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Nephrosclerosis (most common)
Due to either hyperfiltration or ischemia Small arteries show hyalinized walls |