Block 2 Joints Upper Extremity

Front 1

3 types of joints

latin name for joint

Back 1

fibrous
cartilaginous
synovial

joint=arthrosis, (NO, NOT cannabis:P)

Front 2

4 movements of joints

Back 2

gliding-one surface glides on another (carpal joints)

angular-btw long bones, increasing/decreasing angle btw bones(elbow, fingers, toes)

circumduction-head/articular cavity-circles, forms "cone"(shoulder)

rotation-bone moves about central axis without moving from axis (radius/ulna)

Front 3

fibrous joint examples

Back 3

fibrous connective tissue in:

sutures of the skull
roots of the teeth
radius and ulna (interossesus membr)

Front 4

cartilaginous joint examples

Back 4

hyaline cartilage

primary (synchondrosis): growth plate of long bones

secondary (symphsis): midline of body, surface covered by thin hyaline, vertebral bodies, pubic symphysis, sternum body

Front 5

synovial joints

Back 5

highly mobile

hyaline cartilage (70% water, lots of chondrocytes+matrix)

cartilage surrounded by cavity with synovial fluid, enclosed by synovial membrane (fibrous capsule)

syn fluid nourishes/lubricates hyaline cartilage

Front 6

7 diff types of synovial joints

Back 6

plane-clavicle
hinge-elbow
pivot-atlas/axis
condyloid-rotation around axis (tires)
ellipsoid-carpal bones-gliding
saddle-thumb biaxial
ball and socket-hip

Front 7

what determines joint stability? 3 things

Back 7

1) architecture-shape, size, arrangement
2)ligaments
3) tone of muscles surrounding joint

Front 8

hilton's law

Back 8

a nerve that supplies a joint, supplies the muscles that move the joint and the skin over their insertions

sensory input for pain
proprioception from joint capsule and ligaments

Front 9

3 fibrocartilaginous discs. what/where are they?

Back 9

fibro=toughness
carilaginous=elasticity

sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, distal radioulnar

Front 10

articular disc of sternoclavicular joint has what 2 compartments? what do they do?

Back 10

lateral compartment-used for elevation/depression (elevation/abduction of arm/raise shoulder high)

medial compartment-anterior/posterior movement

Front 11

if the head of the humerus is dislocated, which way is it going to dislocate? what does this injure?

Back 11

inferiorly, because no inferior support!

axillary Nerve, posterior humeral circumflex vessels injured

Front 12

what happens if a bursae in the shoulder joint gets infected?

Back 12

spreads to the other bursae (because they are so close)-->>>inflammation

Front 13

subacromial bursistis

continued? what can happen? what causes this?

Back 13

inflammation of the subacromial bursa, which will spread=should joint pain, especially during abduction 50-130 degrees=painful arc syndrome

continued=can lead to degeneration/rupture of supraspinaturs tendon/loss of inititation of abduction of arm

inflammatory joint disease=inflammatory cells come in and destroy bursa/joint

Front 14

rad head uln

uln head ra

Back 14

head of radius rotates in radial notch of proximal ulna

head of ulna turns in ulnar notch of distal radius

Front 15

what nerves supply the elbow joint?

Back 15

median, radial and ulnar! all of

Front 16

medial triangular ulnar collateral ligaments=? mneumonic? which one will tear? what kind of surgery/what do they use?

Back 16

"ATP" anterior, transverse, posterior

anterior will sometimes tear=tommy john surgery using palmaris longus

Front 17

fall with outstretched hand. what can be injured?

Back 17

the scaphoid bone (majorit of force transfer thru radius in radiocarpal joint)

Front 18

radiocarpal joint. doesn't have what? what carpal bones involved?

Back 18

doesn't have any ulna in it!

scaphoid, lunate, and triquetral bones=ellipsoid shape, has it's own separate synovial cavity

Front 19

where the thumb goes....

Back 19

the radius follows

Front 20

intercarpal joints share what? (except which part?)

Back 20

share the same synovial cavity, can allow for spread of infection throughout intercarpal joint space.

thumb is sealed off.

Front 21

metacarpophalangeal/interphalangeal joints. have what ligaments?

Back 21

metcarpophalangeal=
palmar
dorsal
collateral
deep transverse

interphalangeal
palmar
dorsal collateral

Front 22

SC joint injury. most common? most dangerous?

Back 22

50% MVAs.

most common is anterior dislocation

posterior is more rare/dangerous because of potential damage to organs by clavicle

Front 23

shoulder separation. what's the question to ask? why?

Back 23

ask: is there a ligament involved?

ligaments are not vascularized, take a LONG time to heal

Front 24

Shoulder Separation

Type1,2,3,4,5,6

which require surgery?

Back 24

1) Bruise, injury to capsule that surrounds joint
2) AC joint capsule/ligaments=bump
3) Type II, more severe bigger bump
4) Rare=clavicle pushed behind AC joint
5) Supraspinatous punctured by clavicl
6)clavicle lodged below corocoid process

surgery=4,5,6

Front 25

shoulder dislocation is usually displaced in which direction

Back 25

ANTERIORLY-we asked Reaves!

Front 26

Olecranon Bursitis

Back 26

bursa behind elbow becomes inflamed, sac fills with fluid

aka "Student's elbow" painful on hard surfaces

symptoms: pain/swelling on olecranon, limited motion

treatment: drain fluid from bursa, cortisone inj, rest, anti-inflam, immobilize

Front 27

Pulled elbow aka nursemaid's elbow

Back 27

head of the radius pulled out/stretching of annular ligament

annular ligament gets entrapped btw radial head and capitulum=PAIN

sling for 2 weeks

Front 28

colles fracture. common with who?

Back 28

fall on outstretched hand =complete transverse fracture of distal radius with avulsion fracture of styloid process of ulna

elderly folk!

forced dorsiflexion of hand and proximal radius/styloid process of ulna="dinner fork derformity"

Front 29

RICE method

Back 29

rest, ice, compress, elevate

Front 30

Z deformity

Back 30

indicative of rheumatoid arthritis. radial deviation of wrist with ulnar deviation of digits