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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Bonest of the Wrist (8 Carpals)
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Some-Scaphoid
Lovers-Lunate (lovers=bella LUNe) Try-Triquetral (triangle with 4th side) Positions-Pisiform That-Trapezium They-Trapezoid Can't-Capitate (can't handle deCAPITATING a HAM-ate) Handle-Hamate |
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2 compartments in the forearm,(there is the intermuscular septa along with the interosseus membrane btw radius and ulna). what are they and what are they responsible for?
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the anterior compartment is responsible for flexion of the fingers and hand at the wrist
the posterior compartment is responsible for extension each has it's own blood/nerve supplies |
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what is compartment syndrome?
how do you diagnose and treat? |
edema due to soft tissue injury builds up pressure in the antebracial fascia, causing compression of vessels and nerves
signs: turgidity (pressure) altered skin sensation, slow nail bed capillary refill/pulse, disproportionate pain/passive movement pain incise antebrachial fascia to decompress (fasciotomy) irreversible damage >4 hrs |
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what are the 6 Ps of compartment syndrome?
late symptoms->>>early symptoms |
Artery:
pallor/poikilotermia (reduced cap refilling in nail beds/cold skin) pulse Nerve: paresthesia (abnormal sensation) paresis (partial nerve paralysis) Skin: pressure=tight skin/tissues pain out of proportion to injury/pain with passive stretch |
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the Forearm has 8 muscles in 3 layers. what are the 3 layers and what are their muscles?
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4-1-3
Superficial Layer: protonator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, fexor carpi ulnaris Intermediate: flexor digitorium superficialis Deep: Flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum profundus and pronator quadratus |
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the palmaris longus tendon crosses the ____ into the _____ inserting on a sheet of fibrous tissue called the ______
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wrist into the palm, inserting on a sheet of fibrous tissue called the palmar aponeurosis
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Carpal Tunnel. what tendons/nerves are inside it?
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the FDS, FDP and FPL tendons along with the median nerve.
the FCR tendon is outside along with the ulnar nerve and artery |
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carpal tunnel syndrome. what causes it?
symptoms? |
repetitive movements leads to inflammation of the synovial sheath. edema compresses the median nerve=tingling/burning on palmar surface of lateral 3 1/2 digits supplied by median nerve.
weakness/wasting of HAND muscles supplied by median nerve |
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arrargement of FDS tendons. what finger-tendons are anterior/posterior?
all are anterior to what? |
Middle-Ring and Anterior.
Index and Little are Posterior all are anterior to FDP tendons in carpal tunnel |
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how can you fix carpal tunnel syndrome?
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compression of the median nerve in carpal tunnel relieved by cutting the FLEXOR RETINACULUM (transverse carpal ligament)
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describe the fibrous flexor sheaths and synovial sheaths
what is their purpose? what kinds are there? how many layers? |
the FDS and FDP (and FPL) tendons pass through fibrous flexor sheaths that hold the tendons close to the phalanges
annular=thick/tough cruciform=X like-thin, less dense (MCP, PIP, DIP joints) surgeons call them the pulleys of the flexor tendons the 2 layered synovial sheath, like a bursa, reduces friction of tendons-bone in tight compartments. actual rubbing is btw the the 2 walls of the synovial sheath |
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what surrounds the FPL tendon?
purpose? |
the radial synovial bursa
-reduce friction during movement |
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what surrounds the 8 tendons of the FDS and FDP?
purpose? bad side? |
the ulnar bursa
-reduce friction during movement -can provide channels for spread of infection different from digital synovial sheaths |
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what is tenosynovitis?
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inflammation of synovial sheaths->>>spread of infection from thumb to little finger->>>horseshoe abscess
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what are the important arteries of the anterior part of the forearm and their branches?
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ulnar artery (with deep brach of the posterior interosseus artery and anterior interosseus artery)
radial artery-more superficial/lateral-underneath the bracioradialis muscle |
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median nerve innervates what?
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all the muscles in the forearm except the FCU and ulnar half of FDP
no branches in the brachium |
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ulnar nerve innervates....
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no branches in the arm,
crosses around medial epicondyle=funny bone! innervates Flexor Culpi Urnaris and 1/2 of FDP |
