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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where is the common passage of respiratory and digestive tracts?
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Pharynx
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Where is the voice box located?
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Larynx
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How does the design of the pleural cavitiy contribute to intrathoracic pressure?
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The cavity is closed, allows a negative pressure to be maintained
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How to the left and right lungs differ?
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Left lung: two lobes (superior, inferior), heart presses against it
Right lung: Three lobes (Superior, middle, inferior); TRI to do RIGHT |
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Where is the mediastinum in relation to the lungs?
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Between them
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What structures comprise the conducting zone?
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Trachea, bronchi (primary, secondary, tertiary), bronchioles, terminal bronchiole
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Where in the conducting zone does cartilage cease to exist?
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Terminal bronchioles
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Where do asthma drugs act?
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on SM of terminal bronchioles
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What embryonic germ layer does the conducting zone form from?
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ENDODERM
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About how many generations of branching do bronchioles undergo?
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23
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How many alveoli are in the lungs (total)?
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300 million
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How many primary bronchi are there?
Secondary? Tertiary? |
2
5 20 |
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What is tidal volume?
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~500mL: air moved in, and then out, of lungs in one breathing cycle
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What is inspiratory reserve?
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~3000mL: amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal inspiration
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What is expiratory reserve?
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~1200mL: Amount of air that can be exhaled after normal exhilation
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What is residual volume?
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~1200mL; amount of air that cannot be exhaled from lungs
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What is inspiratory capacity?
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~3500mL, tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume
(Total fill of lungs) |
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What is functional residual capacity?
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~2400mL; expiratory reserve volume + residual volume
i.e., total amount of air in lungs after normal exhalation |
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What is vital capacity?
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~4700mL; inspiratory capacity + expiratory reserve
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What is total lung capacity?
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~6L; vital capacity + residual volume
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Define compliance. What determines it in lung? In chest wall?
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Distensibility of a system.
Elasticity of lung and surface tension in alveoli Bone, muscle, CT in wall |
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How would a decrease in alveoli number affect compliance?
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Decrease elastic fibers, increased compliance
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When does FRC occur? How is it achieved (in terms of compliance)?
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At rest; no movement of air
Compliance of lungs (wants to collapse) = compliance of chest wall (wants to expand) |
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Describe the changes in pleural cavity and intraalveolar pressures during the following stages of respiration:
Rest Mid-inspiration End-inspiration Mid-expiration |
Rest: FRC! lungs want to collapse, chest wants to expand; IA: 0 atm (=Patm), Pleural space: -5
Mid-inspiration: diaphragm pulls down, increases volume of thorax, increases volume of pleural space IA: -1 Intrapleural: -6.5 End-inspiration: lungs stretch out IA: P=0 IP: P=-8 No air movm't, lungs want to pull back in Expiration: Diaphragm and muscles relax; lungs undergo elastic recoil, pulls diaphragm back up IA: P=+1 IP: P=-6.5 |
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What is the effect of emphysema on respiratory system? Discuss compliance and FRC.
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Lose alveoli, lose SA for gas exchange, lose elastic tissue, INCREASED COMPLIANCE
FRC increases, breathe at higher lung volumes, harder to push air out! |
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What is hemothorax?
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Liquid filling in PLEURAL CAVITY
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What is pneumothorax?
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Collapsed lung; air fills in pleural space
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What is tension pneumothorax?
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Collapsed lung causes trapped air (in pleural space) to push heart to side
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Pneumonia: fluid in lung
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Hemothorax: fluid in pleural space (blood)
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Pneumothorax: collapsed lung causes air to fill pleural space
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Tension pneumothorax: collapsed lung causes air to enter, become trapped, and then push heart to side
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