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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where does the spinal cord end?
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L2
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How many vertebrae are in each region of the spine?
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7 cervical
12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 1 coccygeal |
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The lumbar and sacral spinal nerves that extend past the conus medularis make up what structure?
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cauda equina
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How many spinal roots are in each section of the spine?
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8 cervial
12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 1 coccygeal |
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Where are sensory cell bodies located?
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dorsal root ganglia
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Where do dorsal roots attach into the spinal column? ventral roots attach into the spinal column?
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dorsal roots-->dorsolateral aspects
ventral roots-->ventrolateral aspects |
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What direction (to or from the brain) are the dorsal, ventral, and lateral columns going?
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dorsal= to the brain (afferent)
ventral= from the brain (efferent) lateral= both |
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Why are there cervical and lumbar enlargements in the spinal cord? Why are there differences in amount of white and grey matter throughout the spinal cord?
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There are additional neurons in (C5-T1) and (L2-S1) for the brachial and lumbar plexus.
At higher levels are are more axons that bring sensory to brain and at lower levels there are less axons and |
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Where is the lateral/intermediolateral horn located? What function does it carry?
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thoracic and upper lumbar regions of the cord. It has autonomic NS function and has preganglionic sympathetic neurons. Preganglionic parasympathetic neurons are in S2-S4
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In the dorsal horn, what are the regions, rexed lamina, and function?
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Posteromarginal nucleus (I) and substantia gelatinosa (II) = pain and temperature
Nucleus proprius (III-IV) mechanosensation Nect of the posterior horn (V) and base of the posterior horn (VI) proprioceptive sensation (info from the leg) |
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Describe the organization of the ventral horn regions, rexed lamina, and fxn.
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Ventral horn (IX) main motor nuclei of alpha and gamma motor neurons
Grisea centralis (X) surrounds central canal and contains neuroglia |
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What do the alpha and gamma motor neurons supply?
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alpha=extrafusal (do the twitchin')
gamma=intrafusal (sense how much work the extrafusal do) |
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Alpha motor neurons are arranged in the ventral horn by function. Describe where the functions are located.
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Flexion=located more dorsally
Extension=located ventrally Distal muscles= located more laterally proximal muscles=located more medially |
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What segments of the spinal cord does the phrenic N come from and what is the fxn?
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C3-C5 breathing-diaphragm
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What is Onuf's nucleus?
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supplemental motor neurons from S1-S4 that are essential for bowel and bladder continence (and sexual function for men) by innervating motor neurons that innervate the anal and urethral sphincters
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What are the two tracts of the dorsal column? What do they contain?
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cuneate: roots that enter above the T6 (from arms, not present below this point)
Gracile tract: nerve roots that enter the spinal cord below T6 (from legs and trunk) |
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What are the 4 main ascending pathways?
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Dorsal column=sensory(touch pressure vibration position)
ventral and Dorsal spinocerebellar tract=sends info about strength rate and phase of muscle contraction to cerebellum (propioception - positioning) anterolateral system= conveys pain, temperature, touch info |
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What are the descending tracts?
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corticospinal tract=speed and agility movement
rubrospinal tract=correcting erros in movement lateral vestibulospinal tract=posture, balance medial vestibulospinal tract=head position, balance reticulospinal tracts=axons from pons facilitate extensor motor neurons. axons from medulla facilitate flexor motor neurons tectospinal tract=head movement with eye movement |
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What are the major motor tracts?
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corticopinal and rubrospinal tract
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How do the vertebral arteries help supply the pbl to the spinal cord? And what structures do these branches supply?
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Gives off 2 posterior spinal arteries (supplies dorsal column, posterior 1/3 of spinal cord) and 1 anterior spinal artery (supply pyramids of the medulla, motor horn cells, anterior 2/3 of the cord)
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What is the artery of adamkewicz?
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It is the most prominent branch of the intercostal arteries that supplies the spinal cord with pbl
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Other than the branches from the vertebral artery, what other major arteries supply pbl to the spinal cord?
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subclavian A
Radicular A Internal iliac A |
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What is the function and location of the nucleus of clarke?
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In Lamina V of the dorsal column between T1 and L2 is a bump where this nucleus is. This nucleus receives sensory data concerning position of the legs so it has a role in walking
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