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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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another name for the skull
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calvarium
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3 layers of the meninges
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dura mater=thick swim cap
arachnoid mater=think layer-helps compact brain/blood vessels pia mater=super thin/holds to shape of brain itself |
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After birth, the calvarium is not solid bone. why are there spaces btw the plates and is the intersection of the coronal and sagittal sutures called?
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allows the skull to enlarge as the brain grows over the first 2 years
anterior fontanelle |
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where is CSF located?
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in the subarachnoid space btw arachnoid and pia-terminates at S2
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2 layers of the dura mater
function? |
the outer/periosteal layer
the inner/meningeal later separate to form sinuses for venous flow of blood |
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What does the prosencephalon give rise to?
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the telencephalon=>lateral ventricle, forebrain
and the diencephalon=>3rd ventricle, thalmus/hypothalamus |
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What does the mescencephalon give rise to?
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mesencephalon=>cerebral aqueduct, midbrain
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what does the rhombencephalon give rise to?
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metencephalon=>4th ventricle (rostral), cerebellum, pons, medulla
myelencephalon=>4th ventrile (caudal) |
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CFS flows from the 2 ______ through the ________ into the ________ through the _________ and into the _______ btw the ____ and ________. Then thru the foramina of Luschka and Magendie into the ________
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CSF flow from the 2 lateral ventricles (one in each hemisphere where most CSF is formed) through the foramina of Monro into the third ventricle, through the cerebral aquedeuct into the 4th ventricle btw the pons and cerebellum. Then thru the foramina of Luschka and Magendie into the subarachnoid space.
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Meningiomas occur where and cause what symptoms?
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tumors that occur on the outside of the brain (where the meninges are) and cause symptoms of compression. most are benign.
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Why do patients suspected of having increased intracranial pressure need a head CT before having a lumbar puncture?
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because lumbar puncture can precipitate herniation of brain tissue in these patients.
the lumbar puncture lowers CSF pressure in the lumbar area, creating imbalance with pressures in the head. |
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horizontal dural fold that separates the cerebrum from cerebellum
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tentorium cerebelli
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vertical infolding in the interhemispheric fissure that separates the 2 cerebral hemispheres
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the falx cerebri
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Spaces btw 2 levels of the dura do what?
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dural sinuses serves as venous/drainage system for blood away from the brain
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The lateral ventricle is shaped like a ____ and has what parts
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shaped like a C, has a frontal horn (fingers), occiptal horn (wrist), and a temporal horn (thumb)
trigone=palm |
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cerebral aqueduct does what?
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drains CSF from the 3rd ventricle to the 4th
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what produces CSF?
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choroid plexi
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CSF functions
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buoyant support for brain
cushion against trauma stable metabolic millieu for brain |
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CSF ingredients/constituents
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water (majority) and ions/small molecules via diffusion, respiratory gases, high [Na+], high [Cl-], low [K+], 2/3 [Glucose], very low proteins
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things you SHOULDN'T find in the CSF. Means something is wrong if you do find them
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RBCs=bleeding in brain
Proteins=breakdown of CNS, antibodies, clotting proteins WBCs=infection bacteria=identify infection Decreased gluce=can accompany infection high CSF pressure=suggests mass in the brain |
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Chloroid Plexus is high in what type of staining?
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Nissl
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Chloroid Plexus locations
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Each lateral ventricle
roof of 3rd ventricle posterior wall of 4th ventricle |
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How much CSF secreted per day? Average volume of CSF in adult?
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400mL per day
140mL volume actually using, 30mL in ventricles and 30mL in sub arachnoid space in spine |
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Astrocytes help form _____ via____?
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the BBB via forming tight junctions
foot processes of the astrocytes contact endothelial cells on brain side |
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the BBB is formed from what three things?
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basement membrane
tight junctions negatively charge endothelial lining (lined by glyocoprotein) |
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function of BBB? upside/downside?
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function/upside: protects CNS from chemical fluctations in the blood.
downside: drugs sometimes cant cross to help treat CNS disorders. abusive drugs (bad drugs) are highly lipid soluble/bypass BBB |
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What happens to the BBB as we age?
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begins to leak in certain areas, peripheral proteins getting into CSF?
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