Block #1 / Exam #3: Mobility & Immobility

Front 1

Ligaments:

Back 1

bind joints & connect bones and cartilage

Front 2

Tendons:

Back 2

connect muscle to bone

Front 3

Cartilage:

Back 3

nonvascular, supporting connective tissue located mainly in joints, thorax, trachea, larynx, nose & ears

Front 4

Lordosis:

Back 4

exaggeration of anterior convex curve of lumbar spine

Front 5

Kyphosis:

Back 5

increased convexity in curvature of thoracic spine

Front 6

Scoliosis:

Back 6

Lateral “S” or “C” shaped spinal column with vertebral rotation, unequal heights of hips and shoulders

Front 7

Mobility:

Back 7

The ability to move about freely

Front 8

Immobility:

Back 8

Inability to move about freely

Front 9

Bedrest:

Back 9

An intervention that restricts clients for therapeutic reasons

Front 10

When assessing pain, need to assess?

Back 10

P attern- Onset, duration, what relieves or exacerbates

A rea- location of pain

I ntensity- 0-10 scale

N ature- throbbing, burning, aching, crushing, pressure

Front 11

What are the s/sx of a simple fracture?

Back 11

doesn't poke through the skin

Front 12

What are the s/sx of a compound fracture?

Back 12

pokes through tthe skin

Front 13

Patients with a compounf fracture would have an increased risk of ___?

Back 13

infection

Front 14

What symptoms may indicate a dislocation?

Back 14

-pain
-shortened limb

Front 15

How do you hold limb when doing ROMs?

Back 15

Support proximal joint

Front 16

What are potential complications for someone with a fracture of a long bone?

Back 16

fat emboli

Front 17

CMS:

Back 17

circulation
motion
sensation

Front 18

What are priority nursing actions when you suspect someone has a bone fracture?

Back 18

CMS

Front 19

Assess limb for?

Back 19

CMS

Front 20

DVT prevention?

Back 20

-Ted Hose
-anticoagulents

Front 21

Improve leg muscle strength?

Back 21

Walking
Leg Circles
Tighten Muscles

Front 22

What are the primary goals for someone with OA?

Back 22

maintain current level of function & pain

Front 23

Fuctions of the skeletal system?

Back 23

-attachment for muscles & ligaments
-protects vital organ
-calcium regulation
-long bones contain bone marrow which produce RBCs

Front 24

Movement requires?

Back 24

coordination between the MS & nervous systems

Front 25

Metabolic (assessment):

Back 25

-anthropometric measurements
-intake & output
-s/sx dehydration or enema

Front 26

Respiratory (assessment):

Back 26

-chest wall for movement
-auscultate the lungs

Front 27

Cardiovascular (assessment):

Back 27

-VS
-DVT
-Edema
-Orthostatic hypotension

Front 28

Development (assessment):

Back 28

how immbobilty affect the normal development of clients accross the lifespan

Front 29

Integumentary (assessment):

Back 29

braden scale for ulcers

Front 30

Psychosocial (assessment):

Back 30

-emotional state
-behavior
-sleep wake cycle
-abrupt changes in personality

Front 31

Elimination (assessment):

Back 31

-intake & output
-bowel sounds
-bowel & bladder habits

Front 32

Musculoskeletal (assessment):

Back 32

-muscle strength & tone
-loss of muscle mass
-incidence of contractures
-ROM

Front 33

General Goals of MS disorders?

Back 33

-achieve highest level of mobility
-reduce hazards of immobility

Front 34

Semi-Fowlers:

Back 34

30 degrees

Front 35

Fowlers:

Back 35

90 degrees

Front 36

Supine:

Back 36

Face up

Front 37

Prone:

Back 37

Face down

Front 38

Side lying:

Back 38

30 degrees on their side
use pilloes

Front 39

Sims:

Back 39

laying on side
usually left

Front 40

Contusions:

Back 40

bruising, rupture of small blood vessels

Front 41

Sprains:

Back 41

ligament injusy caused by wrenching or twisting

Front 42

Strains:

Back 42

tendon injury and/or muscle pull from overuse, overstretching, incomplete muscle tear

Front 43

Dislocation/Subluxation:

Back 43

complete/incomplete displacement of joint

Front 44

Soft Tissue injury interventions:

Back 44

PRICE:
Protection
Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation

Front 45

What is ROM used for?

Back 45

-to maintain mobility
-muscle strength

Front 46

Purpose of NSAIDs?

Back 46

reduce inflammation, swelling, pain

Front 47

Fracture:

Back 47

-break in the continuity of a bone
-usually caused by trauma, blunt force

Front 48

Complete:

Back 48

through the bone

Front 49

Incomplete:

Back 49

Partially through the bone

Front 50

Simple:

Back 50

-closed
-fracture of the bone with no skin break

Front 51

Compound:

Back 51

-open
-fracture with break in skin

Front 52

Pathological:

Back 52

break with slight pressure or min trauma

Front 53

Displaced:

Back 53

fragment is over-riding other bone fragment

Front 54

Spiral:

Back 54

the line of the fracture extends in a spiral direction along the shaft of a bone

Front 55

Transverse:

Back 55

a fracture in which the line of the break extends across the bone shaft at a right angle to the longitudinal axis

Front 56

Longitudinal or oblique:

Back 56

parallel or at an angle to longitudinal axis

Front 57

Crepitus:

Back 57

grating sound/feel with movement

Front 58

Reduction:

Back 58

realignment of broken bones

Front 59

Closed Reduction

Back 59

MD or traction pulls to realign

Front 60

Open reduction internal fiaxation (ORIF):

Back 60

-pins, screws, or plates inserted to maintain alignment
-traction may also be required to maintain reduction and to stimulate healing

Front 61

Fracture Hematoma:

Back 61

fibrin clot forms at break

Front 62

Healing Patho of a fracture:

Back 62

1. Bone cells die
2. soft tissue damage occurs
3. Osteoblastic activity (callus formed)

Front 63

Callus

Back 63

immature bone is formed

Front 64

CPM

Back 64

continuous passive motion

Front 65

Compartment Syndrome:

Back 65

-nerve & blood vessel damage or destruction from swelling & edema in a confined space
-pain is intense (much greater than expected from fx)

Front 66

6 P's:

Back 66

Paresthesia (numbess & tingling)
Pain (not rel. with meds)
Pressure (increases in compartment)
Pallor (color)
Paralysis (loss of function)
Pulse (absent)

Front 67

THR

Back 67

total hip replacement

Front 68

TKR

Back 68

total knee replacement

Front 69

THR

Back 69

total hip replacement

Front 70

TKR

Back 70

total knee replacement

Front 71

Osteoarthritis

Back 71

slowly progressive, non-inflammatory disorder of the synovial joints

Front 72

Osteophytes

Back 72

build-up of boney growths

Front 73

S/SX osteoarthritis:

Back 73

-pain
-stiffness in one or more joints
-crepitation

Front 74

Diagnostic tools for Osterarthritis:

Back 74

-arthroscopy
-x-ray
-MRI
-CT scan
-ESR usually not elevated unless synociti present

Front 75

Osteoporosis:

Back 75

-chronic progressive loss of bone tissue, low bone mass, structural deterioraion of bone tissue
-8x more common in women
- bones become weak and fracture easlity with strain, bump or fall

Front 76

Diagnostic tools for Osteoporosis:

Back 76

-bone mineral density (assesses bone mass)
-DEXA: BMD test measure bone density of spine, hips, and forearm
-bone scan

Front 77

Prevent contractures:

Back 77

-do not elevate limb on pillow.
-lie on abdominal for 30 mins 3-4x a day withhip extended
-don't sit more then 1 hr per MD

Front 78

Flexion

Back 78

bring parts closer together

Front 79

Extension

Back 79

extending outwards

Front 80

Abduction

Back 80

away

Front 81

adduction

Back 81

towards

Front 82

pronation

Back 82

palm down

Front 83

supination

Back 83

palm up

Front 84

circumduction

Back 84

arm

Front 85

inversion

Back 85

ankle in

Front 86

eversion

Back 86

ankle out

Front 87

rotation

Back 87

head

Front 88

protaction

Back 88

forward

Front 89

retraction

Back 89

back

Front 90

elevation

Back 90

up

Front 91

depression

Back 91

down

Front 92

NSAIDs

Back 92

Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs
(ibuprefen)

Front 93

Fosamax (alendronate)

Back 93

-prevent/tx osteoporosis
-take w/ full glass of water
-sit up for at least 30 mins

Front 94

Glucoasmine & Chondroitin

Back 94

-herbal for osteoarthritis
-don't take if allergic to shellfish
-avoid with anticoagulents, NSAIDs
-need to take long-term for effect

Front 95

Metabolic (interventions):

Back 95

-high protein, high -caloric diet with vitamin B & C supp

Front 96

Respiratory (interventions):

Back 96

-assess lungs
-turn, cough and deep breaths every 1 to 2 hours
-incentive spirometer

Front 97

Cardiovascular (interventions):

Back 97

-progress from bed to chair to ambulation
-SCDs, TED hose, and leg exercises

Front 98

Musculoskeletal (interventions):

Back 98

-active/passive ROM
-CPM= continous passive motion

Front 99

Integumentary system (interventions):

Back 99

-skin assessment, skin car
-reposition every 2 hours

Front 100

Elemination system (interventions)

Back 100

-adequate hydration
-I&O
-diet rich in fluids, fruits, veggies, and fiber

Front 101

Traction

Back 101

application of pulling force on an injured or diseased part of the body or extremity while counter-traction pulls in opposite direction

Front 102

Purpose of traction:

Back 102

-prevent or reduce spasm
-immobolize joint or body pary
-reduce (realign) a fracture or dislocation
-treat pathological conditions of joint
-expand joint space during arthoscopic or joint reconstruction surgery

Front 103

Skin traction:

Back 103

adhesive material anchored to skin with bandage, sling, blet, boot, splits

Front 104

Bucks traction:

Back 104

for hip, femur, knee, back

Front 105

Pelvic belt:

Back 105

for sciaica, minor fractures of lower spine

Front 106

Pelvic sling:

Back 106

for pelvic fractures to provide compression