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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the 12 cranial nerves
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I Olfactory
II Optic IIIOccularmotor IV Trochlear V Trigemenal VI Abducent VII Facial VIII Vestibulocochlear IX Glossopharyngeal X Vagus XI Assessory XII Hypoglossal |
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the 31 pairs of spinal nerves belong to what region?
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8- cervical
12-thoracic 5-lumbar 5-sacral 1-coccygeal |
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What does the autonomic/visceral nervous system innervate?
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smooth muscle, cardiac, glands
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What are the 2 function divisions of the ANS?
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sympathetic
parasympathetic |
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What is the portion of the cell that surrounds the nucleus of a neuron?
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perikaryon
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What cranial nerves do bipolar neurons associate with?
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II, III, VIII (special senses)
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Where are multipolar neurons found?
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Ganglia of PNS and ventral and lateral grey horns of the spinal cord
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Where are pseudounipolar neurons found?
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dorsal root ganglia
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What is the structure of the grey matter in spinal cord?
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dorsal horn
lateral horn ventral horn |
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What is the efferent pathway to signal a muscle to move?
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Signal from brain--->cell body in ventral horn of spinal cord-->ventral root-->either to ventral primary ramus or dorsal primary ramus
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What is the afferent pathway from a stimulus?
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dorsal primary rami or ventral primary rami-->dorsal root ganglia-->cell bodies in CNS
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What does the dorsal primary rami innervate?
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deep back muscles and sensory innervation to the skin adjacent to the vertebral column
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What does the ventral primary rami form and innervate?
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innervate the muscles of the trunk and abdomen at the thoracic level and forms the plexus of the brachial, lumbar, sacral
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The ventral primary rami become the_____nerves at the thoracic level.
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intercostal
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The cervical plexus covers what spinal segments?
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C1-C4
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The brachial plexus covers what spinal segments?
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C5-T1
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The Lumbar plexus covers what spinal segments?
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L1-L4
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The sacral plexus covers what spinal segments?
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L4-S4
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What are the functions of the autonomic system?
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sympathetic='fight or flight" dilates pupils, constricts vessels, stops digestion, increase heart rate
parasympathetic= "peace and rest" constricts pupils, decreases heart rate, increase peristalsis, empty bladder and rectum, increase digestive juice secretion |
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What is the main difference between how nerves innervate the autonomic NS and the somatic NS?
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in the autonomic NS there are 2 cells that synapse. The first cell body (preganglion) originates from the CNS and the nerve fiber travels to the autonomic ganglions where there is a synapse with another set of cells (post ganglion) which then travel to the target organ for innervation
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What are the two different types a nerves where autonomic NS neurons can exit from the CNS?
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Spinal nerve or cranial nerves
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What is the role of the sympathetic trunk?
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It is where the preganglia cells synapse with the post ganglion cells in the autonomic NS
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What region of the spinal cord are the pre ganglia cells for the sympathetic NS located?
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T1-L2
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How many postganglia cells are in each region of the sympathetic chain/trunk
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3-4 cervical ganglia
11 thoracic ganglia 4-5 lumbar ganglia |
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Preganglionic fibers enter the sympathetic chain through the ____.
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White rami communicantes
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The post ganglionic fibers leave the sympathetic chain through the ____.
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grey rami communicantes
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upon entering the sympathetic chain through the white rami communicantes, what paths can a preganglionic fibers take?
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1) synapse at that level
2) go up levels and synpase 3) go down levels and synapse 4) not synapse there but exit and synapse at the target organ |
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What does the white and grey rami communicantes branch off of to connect to the sympathetic chain?
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ventral primary rami
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Preganglionic neurons that do not synapse in the sympathetic chain branch and regroup in a bundle called _____.
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splanchnic nerves
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How many thoracic and splanchnic nerves are there?
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3 thoracic splanchnic
3-4 lumbar splanchnic nerves |
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What thoracic ganglia contribute to the greater, lesser, and lowest splanchnic nerves?
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greater: 5th-9th thoracic ganglia
less: 10th and 11th thoracic gangia lowest: 12th thoracic ganglia (if even present) |
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The lumbar splanchnic nerves contribute to what response system?
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parasympathetic
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Where do the parasympathetic preganglion cells originate?
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Cranial nerves III, VII, IX, X and the 2nd-4th sacral nerves
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What are the names of the ganglions for III, VII, and IX?
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III: ciliary ganglion
VII: pterygopalatine ganglion and submandibular ganglion IX: Otic ganglion |
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What innervates the intrinsic muscle of the hand?
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1st thoracic nerve
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innervates the deltoid, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres major and subscapularis
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5th and 6th cervical nerves
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What nerve innervates the rhomboid muscles?
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5th cervical nerve
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