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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are two purines?
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Adenine, guanine
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Name the pyrimidines.
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Cytosine, Uracil and Thymine
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What are the molecular properties of Purines and Pyrimidines?
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1.Weak bases
2.Flat/planar in shape because of the resonance within the alternating double bonds 3.Absorbs UV light 4.Hydrophobic at neutral pH 5.Base stacking interactions 6.Hydrogen bonding between base pair |
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What are nucleosides?
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purine or pyrimidine base + sugar (ribose or 2-deoxyribose in a beta-furanose ring form)
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What configuration is the anomeric carbon in the sugars D-ribose or D-2-deoxyribose
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beta
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Describe the N-glycosidic bond between Base and the ribose.
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N1 pyrimidine -->C1 ribose sugar
N9 purine -->C1 ribose sugar |
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Because the N-glycosidic bond between the ribose sugar and base can rotate, which conformation does it prefer to form?
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anti
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What is a nucleotide?
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Nucleoside + phosphate ester: there is a phosphoester bond between C5'-Ribose and phosphate group
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What is AMP
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adenylate
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What is GMP?
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Guanylate
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What is UMP?
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Uridylate
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What is CMP?
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Cytidylate
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What is dAMP
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deoxyadenylate
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What is dGMP?
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deoxyguanylate
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What is TMP
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Tymidylate (no d for deoxy necessary because only is deoxy)
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What is dCMP?
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deoxycytidylate
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What are the function of nucleotides?
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1. building blocks for nucleic acids (RNA and DNA)
2. Chemical Energy Carriers (ATP) 3. Structural components of Coenzymes (NAD+, FAD+) 4.Intermediates in Biosynthesis (ex. UDP-glucose carries sugar and used for glycogen synthesis in liver by Glycogen synthase) 5.Regulation of signal transduction pathway 6. Polymerization (pActin and microtubules form from ATP and GTP help) |
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What enzyme synthesizes glycogen?
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glycogen synthase
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What does adenylyl cyclase do?
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generates cAMP from ATP which is used for second messenger pathways
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What does guanylyl cyclase do?
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generates cGMP from GTP which is used for second messenger pathways
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What is the difference between ribose and deoxyribose?
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Ribose has a -OH group on C-2 which deoxyribose does not have a -OH group on C-2
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Distinguish between alpha, beta, and gamma phosphates in a nucleoside triphosphate.
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The alpha phosphate forms the phosphoester with C5' of ribose or deoxyribose
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What are the second messengers generated from ATP and GTP?
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cAMP and cGMP
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What is the name of the nucleoside and the base itself that is found in anticodons of tRNA that is a modified base?
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nucleoside = inosine
base= hypoxanthine |
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What is an example of a modified base that occurs in promoter regions of genes by DNA methyltransferases?
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5-methylcytosine
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What is an example of a modified base that occurs in DNA by mutagens such as alkylating agents?
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O6-methylguanine
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