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25 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
cluster sampling
researchers draw groups of clusters of partcipants instead of drawing individuals. i.e. drawing from a church instead of individuals from a church
r stands for, o stands for x stands for blank stands for
r=random o=observaton or measurement and x stands for experimental treatment.blank stands for control
pilot studies
are studies designed to obtain preliminary info on how new treatments and measurements work.
independant variable
presumed cause (smoking)
dependant variable
the response or outocome lung cancer
hawthorne effefct
when the studies was taken, with the workers and the lights. chanig them incrased productivity, but it was just bc they thought thery were being watched
JOHN HENRY EFFECT
possiblity that the control group might become aware of their inferior status and try to respond by outperforming the experimental group.
quasi experimental designs
when it is not possible to assign participants at random this is used.
ture experiment
all are characterized by easy to spot random assignment to treatment/ sometimes it isnt possible to treat randomly so then its is not a true experiment
quanitative research
quantities or numbers, stats
qualitative research
results are discussions of trends and themese based on words not statistics
external validity threats
selection bias, setting differences, more than one treatment
threats to internval validitiy
history, maturation, testing, mortality
focus groups
6-12 particiapnts, who are gathered to discuss a topic.
grounded theory
it is an approach to get data
open coding
transrits of the interviews are examined for distinct ideas which are identified by type and coded.
axial coding
transcripts of the interviews and any other data are reexamined iwth the prupose of identifying relationships between the categories and themes identified during open coding
extraneous variable
is something that gets int he way. or alter the dependant or independent v. For example, in a study examining the effect of post-secondary education on lifetime earnings, some extraneous variables might be gender, ethnicity, social class, genetics, intelligence, age, and so fort
purposive sampling
when researcher they select individ who theyh belive will be good sources of information
snowball samling
convincing one that they need others. ie. a heroin addict, just need one to convince so they help u out
comfound variable
an extraneous variable in a statistical model that correlates (positively or negatively) with both the dependent variable and the independent variable
formative evaluation
info is collected on the process of implementing a program. ie. asking questions aobut the issue
summartive evaluation
includes lognterm ifno for the benefits of aprogram often contains a control group to compare to
abab treatment
treatment is applies then treatment is takena way
components of research article
title page, abstract, intro, methods, results, discussion, references, tables and figures