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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What advice would you give a patient who plans travel to an area with endemic schistosomiasis?
(objectives) |
Don't swim
look for clean water sources |
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What are the 4 agents of malaria that affect humans? Which is most prevalent? Which causes the most fatalities
objective |
Plasmodium vivax (most common)
Plasmodium falciparum (causes 95% of fatalities) Plasmodium malariae Plasmodium ovale Some sources say falciparum is most common, I emailed Jackson and he said his sources said Vivax, but asked me if I found anything else definitive...so I wouldn't worry to much about that |
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vector for malaria?
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mosquito
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what is the infective agent that a mosquito injects into a human?
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Sporozoite
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what actually affects the RBCs in malaria?
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Merozoites
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please go through the infective process of malaria
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Sporozoites in mosquito salivary glands are injected into the human victim.
Sporozoites enter the liver within 60 minutes Asexual reproduction in the liver produces merozoites Merozoites rupture hepatocytes and invade erythrocytes Erythrocytic stage develops rings, trophozoites, and gametocytes Male and female gametocytes taken up by mosquito taking a blood meal |
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most of the clinical signs and symptoms of malaria are due to what?
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invasion and lysis of the erythrocytes
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11. What clinical presentation and other clues would lead you to suspect malaria?
objective |
Nonspecific cycles of shaking chills, fever, and sweating, in a person with history of travel to an endemic zone
anemia |
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12. Which developmental stage of the malaria parasite is infective for humans?
objective |
sporozoite
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13. What advice would you give to someone who plans to travel to an area endemic for
malaria transmission? objective |
basically depends
but there are some chemoprophylaxis mosquito netting |
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How is babesiosis transmitted to humans?
objective |
Deer tick vector (Ixodes spp.)
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Malaise, fever, chills, sweating, arthralgias, headache, myalgias, fatigue
Potentially fatal. There is no history of travel outside of the US..what might you suspect? |
Babesiosis
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Pt presents wtih ataxia and muscle weakness. You order a CT and find multiple ring enhancing lesions in the frontal lobe and cerebellum. Pt is also HIV +. Pt is negative for Toxoplasma.
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this was still toxoplasma...HIV just masked it!
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What are the definitive host for Toxoplasma gondii?
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CATS
nasty dirty animals |
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19. How do humans usually become infected with Toxoplasma gondii?
objective |
most common: improperly cooked meat (cat poops out toxoplasma, animal somehow eats it, then we eat the animal, and get sick..)
changing cat litter... thus dogs are way better than cats |
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most pts infected with toxoplasma are not symptomatic, what 2 situations would lead to this showing up
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in utero
immunocompromised |
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20. Briefly explain the significance of Toxoplasma infection for pregnancy.
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mom gets infected and passes it inutero to the child
child then gets toxoplasma can lead to abortion if early enough if later: encephalitis, or brain calcification |
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28 year old med student has just returned from a 3 week medical mission to Belize and comes home with high fever, chills, and some other shit
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Malaria
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your pt presents with general malaise headache fever, hasn't traveled out of the US. what could they have done to have provent this
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Protective clothes and insect repellent against tick bite
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pt from upstate new york, shaking chills never been outside of US, what would you think they have?
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Babesia
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What species of Plasmodia causes the most fatalities in humans? In addition to this characteristic, what else distinguishes this species from the others?
objective |
Plasmodium falciparum (causes 95% of fatalities)
banana shaped |
