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14 Cards in this Set

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Yellow Fever and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever are what subclass of Arbovirus?
Flavivirus
Yellow Fever is endemic to what areas of the world?
Southern Hemisphere- this is where the vector can survive year round. ie. South America and Central/South Africa
A young Africa boy presents to your rural clinic with fever and headache. His mother tells you that he has started vomiting and it is very dark in color, almost black. What is going on?
Yellow fever causing a hemorrhage in the gastric mucosa.

"black vomit" is diagnostic.
What are Councilman bodies?
Intracellular inclusions of viral antigens in hepatocytes -- these are diagnostic of Yellow Fever
What is the vector that carries Yellow Fever?
Mosquitos
Where is the principle site of replication for Dengue Fever Virus?
dendritic cells
Patient presents to your office 10 days after returning from a trip to Brazil. He has fever, headache, vomiting, back pain, a rash and a 'pain deep in his bones'. What is going on? How will you treat him?
He has Dengue Fever. The disease course is 3-9 days and he will make an uncomplicated recovery.

note: deep bone pain="breakbone fever"

also can see mild hepatitis
The same patient you saw last year after a trip to Brazil is back in your office with complaints similar to when you diagnosed him a year ago with Dengue Fever. You suspect he is infected again with the virus. He fought it so well the first time, should you be worried now?
YES YES YES!

After initial infection, he made antibodies to the virus and made a full recovery. Second infections with Dengue allow for antibody dependent enhancement, meaning that the initial antibodies made now act as viral attachment proteins, increasing cytokine response and increasing vascular permeability causing spontaneous hemorrhage.
How do Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever and Dengue Fever differ?
Dengue Fever is what you get upon your first exposure to the virus.

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever follows a second exposure and is way worse due to antibody-dependent enhancement.
What is meant by Antibody-dependant enhancement?
Upon second exposure to a different strain of Dengue Virus, you will have enhanced virus growth, increase cytokine storm and increase vascular permeability.

You are screwed.
What are the two cycles related to Dengue Fever?
Sylvatic cycle: mosquito to monkey

Urban cycle: mosquito to human
How can we prevent Dengue Fever?
manage the mosquito vector
What two characteristics are diagnostic of Yellow Fever?
'black vomit' and Councilman bodies on biopsy
What is the vector for Dengue Fever?
Mosquito (aedes aegypti)