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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is lymph?
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An ultrafiltrate of blood.
Contains tissue fluid, WBC's and fats from the GI tract. |
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What is the function of the lymphatic system?
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1. Drainage of surplus tissue fluid and leaked plasma proteins to the bloodsteam
2. Removal of debris from cellular decomposition and infection. 3. Transport antigens so they are captured by lymph nodes and presented to T cells |
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Name the components of the lymphatic system
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1. Lymphatic plexuses
2. Lymphatic vessels 3. Lymph 4. Lymph nodes 5. Lymphocytes 6. Lymphoid tissue |
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What are lymphatic plexuses?
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Networks of lymphatic capillaries that originate blindly in the extracellular spaces of most tissues.
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What are lymphatic vessels?
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Network of thin-walled vessels with lymphatic valves that empty into veins.
Occur everywhere blood capillaries are found except teeth, bone, bone marrow and CNS. |
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Where does lymph go?
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Enters lymph capillaries, carried by lymphatic vessels to lymph nodes, filtered by lymph nodes and then goes to thoracic duct
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What is the role of lymph nodes?
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Small masses of lymphatic tissue located along the course of lymphatic vessels through which lymph is filtered on its way to venous system.
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What do lymphocytes do?
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Circulating cells of the immune system that react against foreign materials
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What is lymphoid tissue?
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Site that produces lymphocytes
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Where is lymphoid tissue found?
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Aggregations found in the walls of the digestive tract, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes and myeloid tissue in red bone marrow.
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What is a primary lymphoid organ?
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1. Site for generation and early maturation of all leukocytes.
i.e. thymus and bone marrow |
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What are considered to be secondary lymphoid organs?
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Lymph nodes, spleen and other lymphoid tissue (MALT, tonsils)
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What is the path of lymphatic drainage?
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1. Superficial lymphatic vessels converge toward and follow venous drainage
2. Drainage goes from superficial to deep lymphatic vessels. 3. Deep lymphatic vessels accompany arteries and receive drainage from internal organs. 4. Both superficial and deep vessels traverse several lymph nodes as they course proximally and become larger as they merge with vessels draining adjacent regions. 5. Larger lymphatic vessels enter lymphatic trunks which unite and form either right lymphatic duct or thoracic duct. |
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Where is the right lymphatic duct?
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Junction of the right internal jugular and left subclavian veins.
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Where is the thoracic duct located?
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Junction of left internal jugular and left subclavian veins.
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What is lymphadenopathy?
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Lymph node enlargement.
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What is the clinical significance of lymphadenopathy?
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Signifies either infection or cancer.
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When are lymph nodes palpable?
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Only when enlarged, inflamed or fibrosed.
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Which lymph nodes are palpable?
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Only superficial ones.
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What are the major palpable node groups?
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1. cervical
2. axillary 3. epitrochlear 4. superficial inguinal 5. popliteal |
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Upon palpation, a patient's lymph nodes are hard and immobile. What does this usually signify?
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Cancer (primary lymphoma or secondary metastases).
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Which lymph nodes are not palpable?
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1. parasternal
2. aortic 3. iliac 4. deep inguinal |
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What is lymphocyte recirculation?
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1. Naive (antigen inexperienced) lymphocytes enter lymph nodes from the blood.
2. In lymph nodes, they survey for antigens they have specificity for. 3. Exit into the lymph and return to blood via thoracic duct. |
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What does the right lymphatic duct drain?
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Lymph from the right side of the head and right side of the thorax.
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What drains lymph from the rest of the body?
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Thoracic duct
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