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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Transferrin
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Plasma protein that binds to Iron and transports to tissue
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Ferrous sulfate
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Oral treatment for hypochromic microcytic anemia, 20% Fe
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Ferrous fumarate
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Oral treatment for hypochromic microcytic anemia, 33% Fe
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Ferrous gluconate
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Oral treatment for hypochromic microcytic anemia, 12% Fe
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Iron Dextran
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IM/IV treatment for hypochromic microcytic anemia
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Deferoxamine/deferasirox
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parental/oral treatments for hematochromatosis/chronic overdose toxicity of iron
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Hypochromic microcytic anemia
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Iron deficiency
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Pernicious Anemia
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Lack of Gastric Intrinsic Factor (GIF)
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Macrocytic anemia
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VB12 or Folate deficiency
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Methylfolate Trap
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Increased accumulation of methylfolate and serum methylmalonic acid, decreased VB 12 in plasma
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Cyanocobalamin injection
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For pernicious anemia, 100-200 ug/day IM for 1-2 wks, maintenance: 1 mg once/month for life
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Hydroxocobalamin
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For pernicious anemia, IM injection only
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Vitamin B12
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For pernicious anemia, 2g daily, converted to coenzyme forms: methycobalamin, 5-deoxyadenosylcobalamin
binds to GIF, interacts with receptor on mucosal cells and is transported to the blood |
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Transcobalamin II
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plasma b-globin that binds to VB 12 and transports to tissues and liver for activation/storage
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Erythropoeitin
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Hemolytic Growth Factor
Binds specific receptor and increases Ca and PG's Stimulates proliferation and differentiation of committed erythroid precursor cells in bone marrow --> increases red cell production T1/2 = 9 hours |
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Darbepoetin
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Long-acting erythropoietin, given once weekly IV or SC
T1/2 = 25 hrs |
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Filgrastim
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Granulocyte CSF
Stimulates neutrophils T1/2 = 2-7 hrs |
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Sargramostim
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Granulocyte/Macrophage CSF
Stimulates neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages T1/2 = 2-7 hrs |
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Pegfilgrastim
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Conjugation product of filgrastim and polyethylene glycol
Has much longer serum half life and can be given once every few weeks compared to Filgrastim |
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Oprelvekin
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Megakaryocyte growth factor
Acts thru a specific cell surface cytokine receptor to stimulate the growth of lymphoid and myeloid cells, and the megakaryocyte progenators, and increase the number of peripheral platelets and neutrophils T1/2 = 7-8 hrs |
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Heparin
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Anticoagulant - binds antithrombin and increases rate of inhibition of CF by 1000X (esp. IIa and Xa)
Parenterally, IV or SC T1/2 = 2 hr Increase aPPT by 2-2.5X |
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Unfractionated Heparin (UFH)
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Anticoagulant - mixture of highly electronegative acidic mucopolysaccharides consisting of repeating disaccharide units composed of glucosamine and either L-iduronic acid or D-glucuronic acid
MW - 5,000-30,000 Occurs naturally in granules of circulating basophils and tissue mast cells |
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Enoxaprin
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Anticoagulant - Inhibits activated factor Xa, but has less effect on thrombin and on coagulation than heparin
LMW heparin - 3,000-8,000 T1/2 = 4 hr |
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Fondapariux
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Anticoagulant - synthetic analog of heparin, increases factor Xa inhibition w/out neutralizing thrombin
T1/2 = 15 hrs |
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Protamine Sulfate
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Overdose treatment for Heparin
Low MW strong basic protein which binds and neutralizes heparin - IV infusion |
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Lepirudin
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Direct Thrombin Inhibitor - recombinant derivative of hirudin, an anticoagulant produced by leaches
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Argatroban
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Direct Thrombin inhibitor - small molecule synthetic derivative of L-arginine
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Bivalirudin
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Direct Thrombin Inhibitor - synthetic 20-AA analog of Lepirudin
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Warfarin
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Oral anticoagulant - inhibits synthesis of Vit-K depent CFs (II,VII,IX,X)
Antimetabolite of Vit-K - involves gamma carboxylation of glutamic acid residues of precursor and results in formation of Ca2+ binding sites Prevents conversion of inactive Vit K epoxide to its active form T1/2 = 36 hrs |
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Cimetidine
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Antagonist of Warfarin
Increases catabolism by enzyme induction |
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Vitamin K (effect on Warfarin)
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Antagonist
Increases CF synthesis |
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Cimetidine
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Enhancer of Warfarin
Decreases catabolism by enzyme inhibition |
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Sulfonamides (effect on Warfarin)
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Displace protein binding sites
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Aspirin
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Anti platelet drug
Irreversible acetylation of cyclooxygenase - inhibits synthesis of thromboxane A2 (platelet aggregator and vasoconstrictor) |
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Clopidogrel bisulfate
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Anti platelet drug
Inhibits ADP binding to R and platelet aggregation |
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Abciximab
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Blocks Platelet GP IIb/IIIa Receptors - humanized monoclonal Antibody directed against the GP IIb/IIIa complex
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Eptifibatide
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Blocks Platelet GP IIb/IIIa Receptors - analog that contains the arginine-glycine-aspartic acid sequence of fibrinogen
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Streptokinase
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Thrombolytic Drug - activates plaminogen --> lysis of formed clots
Commercial formulation of a naturally occuring thrombolytic enzyme by recombinant DNA techniques |
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Alteplase
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Thrombolytic Drug - tissue-type plasminogen activator
A recombinant protein derivative of tissue plasminogen activator --> approved for thrombolysis in patients with acute MI |
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Vitamin K1
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Hemostatic agent
required for postribosomal modification of clotting factors II, VII, IX and X in the liver |
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Aminocaproic Acid
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Thrombolysis inhibitor
Chemically similar to lysine --> it competitively inhibits plasminogen activation and this prevents fibrinolysis |
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Zidovudine
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HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor
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Stavudizine
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Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor
Substitute for zidovudine Thymine analog, high bioavailability Painful peripheral neuropathy– reversible Dose-Limiting (15%) --> Paresthesis, Numbness, M. Pain; M. Weakness, Elevation in serum transaminases --> PANCREATITIS (rare) |
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Lamivudine
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Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor
Also for chronic hepatitis B Cytosine analog |
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Emtricitabine
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Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor
Like lamivudine, but longer half life |
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Didanosine
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Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor
Mainly used in combination Analog of deoxyadenosine SEs - Painful peripheral neuropathy, acute pancreatitis Acid labile |
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Abacavir
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Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor
Combination therapy Guanosine analog SEs - hypersensitivity rxns |
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Combivir
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Zidovudine + lamivudine
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Trizidivir
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Zidovudine + lamivudine + abacavir
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Epzicom
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Abacavir + lamivudine
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Truvada
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Tenovir + emtricitabine
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Tenovir
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Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor
competitive inhibitor of HIV RT Combination therapy in patients who failed nucleoside RT inhibition acyclic nucleotide analog of adenosine SEs - renal impairment, fanconi's syndrome |
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Nevirapine
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Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor
SEs - rash --> Stevens-Johnson syndrome Induces CYP3A4 |
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Efavirenz
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Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor
Very long half life SEs - vivid dreams Induces CYP3A4 Avoid in pregnancy - teratogenic |
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Saquinavir
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HIV protease inhibitor
Very poor oral bioavailability - 4% (soft-gel may help), least potent Resistance may develop |
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Ritonavir
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HIV protease inhibitor
Combination therapy Good oral bioavailability Potent inhibitor of CYP 3A4 |
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Kaletra
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Lopinavir + Ritonavir
Ritonavir inhibits CYP3A4 --> increases [Lopinavir] |
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Atazanavir
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HIV protease inhibitor
Inhibitor of CYP3A4 SEs - hyperbilirubinemia/jaundice - competitively inhibits UDP-glucuronosyl transferase, which catalyzes bilirubin conjugation Also prolongs PR interval |
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Darunavir
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HIV protease inhibitor - very potent, works against strains resistant to other PIs
Taken orally with Ritonavir SEs - increased plasma lipids |
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Fosamprenavir
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Potent HIV protease inhibitor - prodrug, lowers pill burden
long half life SEs - rash, Stevens-Johnson syndrome |
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Maraviroc
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HIV-1 CCR5 inhibitor - Mphages
Combo therapy, only effective in 50% SEs - cough, rash, upper RTA |
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Enfuvirtidae
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HIV Fusion inhbitor - binds gp41 subunit
Combination therapy SEs - Injection site rxn, nodules/cysts, eosinophilia, bacterial pneumonia |
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Raltegravir
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HIV Integrase strand transfers inhibitor
Combination therapy SEs - myopathy, rhabdomyolysis metabolized by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase |