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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Byzantine Empire |
The name of the Eastern Roman Empire when the Roman Empire was divided by Theodosius I. |
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Sassanid [se SAH nid] |
The last Persian empire before the rise of Islam. Struggled for territory with the Byzantine Empire. |
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Muhammed [moo HAHM ahd] |
A man from Mecca who united Arabia under a single religion. |
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Mecca |
Where Muhammad was born in 570. |
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Ka'bah [KAH buh] |
A stone building in Mecca. When Muslims visit, Mecca, they are required to walk around this building seven times. The tribe Muhammed was born into was responsible for the care of this building. |
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Ramadan |
The month that Muhammed claimed to have had visions from the angel Gabriel. |
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Qur'an [ku RAHN] |
Muhammed's followers wrote down the visions that he said he had from Gabriel. He also said he talked to God and Satan. It's a long book, and is treated by Muslims like Christians treat the Bible. |
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Allah |
Muhammed taught that there was only one god, and his name was Allah. |
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Medina |
When Muhammed was forced out of Mecca, he went to Medina with a small group of followers. |
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Hegira [hih JIE ruh] |
Means "flight" and is the name for the move from Mecca to Medina by Muhammed and his followers. |
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Islam |
The religion Muhammed created. |
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Battle of Badr |
Battle between Mecca and Muhammed's army. Muhammed was outnumbered but won. Muhammed saw the victory as his god's approval. He expanded and took control of Mecca. |
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Muslims |
followers of Islam |
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caliph [KAY lif] |
The title of the person who took over when Muhammed died. (His name was Abu Bakr.) |
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Wars of Apostasy |
When Muhammed died, many people wanted to leave the Islamic religion. The caliph kept them in the religion by military force. |
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Shiite and Sunni |
Two groups of Muslims who disagree about who should be the leader. |
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Shiite |
Group who thought that Muhammed intended his cousin, Ali, to be the next leader. They are still around today and call their leader imam instead of caliph. |
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Sunni |
Group who thought that any worthy Muslim could be the next leader. They are still around today and call their political leader caliph and their spiritual leader imam. |
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Hadith [huh DEETH] |
One of the holy books of Islam. It describes Muhammed's life, including what he said, did, and approved. |
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Five Pillars |
Five things that Muslims must do. 1. Say the creed ("There is no God but Allah, and Muhammed is the prophet of Allah.") 2. Pray five times a day in a certain way 3. Give money to the poor 4. Fast during the month of Ramadan 5. Travel to Mecca at least once |
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Sharia |
The law of Muslims. There is no separation between government law and religious law in Islamic countries. The punishments are very harsh. |
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jihad |
Arab word means "to strive hard." Some Muslims think it means to be a good Muslim. The Qur'an uses it to mean a "holy war" against non-Muslims. Muhammed told his followers to kill or subdue everyone who isn't Muslim. |
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infidels |
non-Muslims |
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Umayyad Caliphate |
Muslim dynasty (series of leaders) who moved the capital of the Muslim Empire to Damascus |
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Damascus |
Capital of the Muslim Empire under the Umayyad Caliphate |
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Abbassid Caliphate |
The dynasty (series of leaders) who came after the Umayyads. They moved the capital of the Muslim Empire to Baghdad (in Iraq). |
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Baghdad |
Capital of the Muslim Empire under the Abbassid Caliphate |
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Constantinople |
The capital of the Byzantine Empire |
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Greek fire |
Secret weapon of the Byzantine Empire. A chemical mixture that burned upon impact and spread when water was put on it. Its use kept Islam from spreading to the Byzantine Empire for a long time. |
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Charles Martel |
The French ruler who stopped Islam from spreading through Europe. He was nicknamed "The Hammer". |
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How did Muhammed and his followers gain wealth while in Medina? |
They robbed merchants and people (caravans) traveling by. |
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How did Abu Bakr maintain political and religious unity? |
by military force |
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How did Uthmann resolve the problem of various versions of the Qur'an? |
He gathered them all, made one version, and had all others burned. |
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Which biblical writings do the Muslims include in their list of holy books? |
The writings of Moses and the psalms of David
They also have something called the "Gospel given to Jesus." |
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In carrying out jihad, what did Muhammed command his followers to do? |
kill or subdue non-Muslims |
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What does the Qur'an teach about the Trinity? |
that it isn't true, that Allah is the only god |
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What does the Qur'an teach about the deity of Christ? |
that he was not God, and that it is offensive to say so |
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Why were Islamic forces easily able to conquer Sassanid and Byzantine territories? |
Those two territories had fought for 200 years with each other and had drained their financial and military resources. |
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What reason do Muslims give for claiming that the Bible cannot be trusted? |
They claim the Bible has become corrupted over the centuries. |
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What are some ways in which biblical Christianity is different from Islam? |
- salvation by works vs. salvation by grace alone - Qur'an vs. Bible - kill or subdue non-Muslims vs. love our enemies - Jesus was a prophet vs. Jesus is God - harsh punishments vs. mercy - unknown eternity vs. assurance of heaven
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