Bisc 130 Interior Of The Skull/infratemporal Region Iv

Front 1

What are the anterior, middle, and posterior borders of the cranial fossa?

Back 1

Anterior: vertical portion of frontal bone to lesser wing of the sphenoid
Middle: Lesser wings of sphenoid to dorsum sellae and petrous ridge
Posterior: Dorsum sellae and petrous ridge to occipital bone

Front 2

What is the calvaria?

Back 2

The top of the skull; skullcap

Front 3

The interior of the skull in covered in __________.

Back 3

Dura mater

Front 4

What is found in the anterior portion of the cranial fossa?

Back 4

1. Frontal lobes of the brain
2. Cribiform plate of ethmoid bone: attaches to dura mater with cristagalie and allows innervation of olfactory mucosa

Front 5

True or false: All of the following structures are found in the middle portion of the cranial fossa:
1. Sella turcica
2. Superior orbital fissure
3. Hypoglossal canal
4. Foramen rotundum
5. Foramen ovale
6. Foramen spinosum
7. Foramen lacerum

Back 5

False; the hypoglossal canal is found in the posterior portion

Front 6

The sella turcica is completely lined with dura mater except for where the _________ exits.

Back 6

Pituitary stalk

Front 7

What is transmitted through the superior orbital fissure?

Back 7

CN 3, 4, and 6 (to the orbit) and the opthalmic branch of CN 5

Front 8

What is transmitted through the foramen spinosum?

Back 8

The middle meningeal artery (supplies dura mater)

Front 9

What does the middle meningeal artery branch from?

Back 9

The maxillary artery

Front 10

What structures transmit the branches of the trigeminal nerve (CN 5) in the middle portion of the cranial fossa?

Back 10

1. Superior orbital fossa: transmits opthalmic branch of CN 5
2. Foramen rotundum: transmits maxillary branch of CN 5
3. Foramen ovale: transmits mandibular branch of CN 5

Front 11

True or false: The internal carotid artery is transmitted through the foramen lacerum.

Back 11

False; the foramen is covered in fibrocartilage; the internal carotid artery sits on the superior aspect and goes to the base of the brain.

Front 12

What four structures are located in the posterior portion of the cranial fossa?

Back 12

1. Foreman magnum (medulla, spinal cord, vertebral arteries, CN 11)
2. Internal acoustic meatus (CN 7 and 8 enter skull)
3. Hypoglossal canal (CN 12 - hypoglossal nerve)
4. Jugular foramen (internal jugular vein, CN 4, 5, 6 leave skull)

Front 13

Where does CN 7 exit the skull?

Back 13

Via the stylomastoid foramen

Front 14

What supplies all brain tissue with oxygenated blood?

Back 14

Circle of Willis

Front 15

Where do aneurysms and/or CVAs in the brain usually occur?

Back 15

In the Circle of Willis

Front 16

What are the four major arteries that make up the circle of Willis (2 pairs)?

Back 16

Internal carotids and vertebrals

Front 17

What do the following branches of the Circle of Willis supply:
1. Ophthalmic
2. Anterior cerebral
3. Middle cerebral
4. Basilar

Back 17

1. Ophthalmic: the orbit
2. Ant. cerebral: frontal lobes, than post. to med. aspect of hemispheres
3. Middle cerebral: lat. extent of hemispheres; primarily parietal and temporal lobes
4. Basilar: the pons

Front 18

What do the anterior and posterior communicating arteries do?

Back 18

1. Anterior communicating artery connects the ant. cerebral arteries
2. Posterior communicating artery connects the internal carotid to the post. cerebral artery

Front 19

What are the PICA and AICA arteries? What do they supply?

Back 19

PICA: Posterior inferior cerebellar artery: supplies cerebellum and medulla
AICA: Anterior inferior cerebellar artery: supplies cerebellum and some of the pons

Front 20

True or false: The superior cerebellar artery supplies the cerebellum and the posterior cerebral artery supplies the occipital lobes.

Back 20

True

Front 21

What is the anterior spinal artery?

Back 21

A union of two vertebral branches that runs anterior along the upper spinal cord and medulla

Front 22

What are the cavernous sinuses?

Back 22

Paired sinuses that drain the orbit and deep brain

Front 23

What are the five unpaired sinuses in the brain?

Back 23

1. Superior sagittal sinus
2. Inferior sagittal sinus
3. Great vein of Galen
4. Straight sinus
5. Confluens of sinuses

Front 24

Where do the sinuses come together?

Back 24

Confluens of sinuses

Front 25

What does the great vein of Galens do?

Back 25

Drains the deep structures of the brain

Front 26

What two sinuses run between the dura mater, along the faux cerebrae?

Back 26

Superior and inferior sagittal sinuses

Front 27

What are the four paired sinuses (besides the cavernous sinuses) in the brain?

Back 27

1. Transverse sinus
2. Superior petrosal sinus
3. Sigmoid sinus
4. Jugular vein

Front 28

What sinus empties into the transverse sinus? What drains the transverse sinus?

Back 28

Superior petrosal sinus empties into the transverse and the sigmoid sinus drains it

Front 29

What does the jugular vein eventually turn into?

Back 29

The internal jugular

Front 30

Where is the faux cerebrae located?

Back 30

It is the dura mater between the two hemispheres

Front 31

What is an aneurysm?

Back 31

Swelling of an artery that can rupture and cause blood to leak into the brain tissue. The accumulating blood can then compress brain tissues and cause damage or death.

Front 32

What are fontanelles?

Back 32

Regions in a infant skull that are just cartilage, very vunerable to blunt trauma

Front 33

What are the three sutures that closes the fontanelles?

Back 33

Saggital, coronal, and lambdoid sutures

Front 34

What are the boundaries of the infratemporal region?

Back 34

Superior: skull base
Lateral: ramus of mandible
Medial: pharynx
Inferior: blends into submandibular region

Front 35

What are the contents of the infratemporal region?

Back 35

1. Temporomandibular joint
2. Muscles of mastication
3. Maxillary artery
4. Mandibular branch of CN 5

Front 36

What makes up the TMJ?

Back 36

The mandibular fossa (ant. slope) of temporal bone and condyle of mandible; all surrounded by a capsule

Front 37

What type of joint is the TMJ?

Back 37

Ginglymoarthrodial (hinge and gliding)

Front 38

What part of the joint is pressure-bearing?

Back 38

Ant. slope of the fossa (articular eminence)

Front 39

What is the significance of the upper and lower compartments separated by an articular disk?

Back 39

Upper - gliding
Lower - hinge

Front 40

Anterior rotation opens/closes the cavity and posterior rotation opens/closes the cavity.

Back 40

Opens;closes

Front 41

What three ligaments are associated with the TMJ?

Back 41

1. Temporomandibular (lat)
2. Stylomandibular
3. Sphenomandibular

Front 42

What is the purpose of the lateral ligament?

Back 42

To prevent lat/post displacement of joint

Front 43

What is the purpose of the stylomandibular ligament?

Back 43

To prevent excessive protrusion of the mandible

Front 44

What is the purpose of the sphenomandibular ligament?

Back 44

To prevent excessive depression of the mandible

Front 45

What problems can occur at the TMJ?

Back 45

1. Rheumatoid and osteoarthritis
2. Tonic muscle contraction = pain
3. Traumatic dislocation (typically anterior, often due to fracture)

Front 46

What type of arthritis results in a wearing away of the condyles?

Back 46

Osteoarthritis

Front 47

What are the four muscles of mastication? What innervates them?

Back 47

1. Medial pterygoid
2. Lateral pterygoid
3. Temporalis
4. Masseter

*All innervated by mandibular nerve*

Front 48

Medial pterygoid

Back 48

Origin: Med. aspect of lat. pterygoid plate
Insertion: Med. aspect of mandibular ramus
Action: Elevate mandible

Front 49

Lateral pterygoid

Back 49

Origin: Sup. head from great wing of sphenoid; inf. head from lat. aspect of lat. pterygoid plate
Insertion: Sup. head into articular capsule and disk; inf. head into condylar neck
Action: Bilateral contraction: protrude mandible (pull condyles forward) and depress mandible; Unilateral contraction: lat. deviate mandible to opposite side

Front 50

Temporalis

Back 50

Origin: Temporal fossa
Insertion: Coronoid process of mandible
Action: Elevate mandible; post. or horiz. fibers retract mandible

Front 51

Masseter

Back 51

Origin: Zygomatic arch
Insertion: Lat. aspect of mandibular ramus and angle of mandible
Action: Elevate mandible

Front 52

Where does the maxillary artery branch from?

Back 52

The external carotid artery

Front 53

What does the mandibular branch supply?

Back 53

The TMJ, ear, mandible, and lower teeth

Front 54

What part of the maxillary artery does the middle meningeal artery branch from? What does it supply?

Back 54

The mandibular branch; it supplies the meninges

Front 55

What are the three regions of the maxillary artery?

Back 55

Mandibular, muscular, and pterygopalatine

Front 56

What is supplied by the pterygopalatine branch?

Back 56

Central face (nose, palate, etc)

Front 57

What nerves branch from the main trunk of the mandibular branch of CN 5?

Back 57

Meningeal and nerves to the tensor tympani and tensor veli palatini

Front 58

What nerves branch from the ant. division of the mandibular branch?

Back 58

Medial pterygoid, masseteric, deep temporal, lat. pterygoid, and buccal nerves

Front 59

What nerves branch from the post. division of the mandibular?

Back 59

Auriculotemporal, lingual, inf. alveolar, mylohyoid, and mental nerves