Bisc 130 Foot And Foot/ankle Joints Iii

Front 1

What muscles of the foot are innervated by the medial plantar nerve?

Back 1

Abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, first lumbrical, and flexor hallucis brevis

Front 2

What muscles dorsiflex the ankle (4)?

Back 2

Anterior tibialis, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, and peroneus tertius

Front 3

What dorsal ankle/foot muscles invert the foot? Which evert the foot?

Back 3

Invert:
1. Anterior tibialis
2. Extensor hallucis longus
Evert:
1. Extensor digitorum longus
2. Peroneus tertius

Front 4

What tendons plantar flex the ankle (5)? Which pass behind the lat. malleolus? Behind the medial malleolus?

Back 4

Lat. malleolus:
1. Peroneous longus
2. Peroneous brevis
Med. malleolus:
1. Posterior tibialis
2. Flexor digitorum longus
3. Flexor hallucis longus

Front 5

Tendons that pass behind the medial malleolus evert/invert the foot, and those that pass behind the lateral malleolus evert/invert the foot.

Back 5

Invert; evert

Front 6

What toe marks the midline/axis of movement for abduction/adduction of the toe?

Back 6

2nd toe

Front 7

Where does the plantar aponeurosis come from (both attachments)?

Back 7

Calcaneus to metatarsophalangeal joints

Front 8

True or false: The plantar aponeurosis can become inflamed in high-activity individuals.

Back 8

True

Front 9

What muscle(s) of the foot are located on the dorsal aspect?

Back 9

Extensor digitorum brevis

Front 10

Extensor digitorum brevis

Back 10

Origin: Ant. end of upper surface of calcaneus
Insertion: Tendons of extensor digitorum longus to toes 2,3,4
*tendon goes to great toe and can be considered part of extensor digitorm brevis or as the extensor hallucis brevis*
Action: Extends MTP joints of 1,2,3,4
Innervation: Deep peroneal nerve

Front 11

True or false: The dorsal aspect of the foot is arranged into four layers.

Back 11

False; plantar

Front 12

Where is the dorsalis pedis artery located?

Back 12

Between the extensor hallucis brevis and extensor hallucis longus

Front 13

What muscles are in the first layer of the plantar aspect of the foot?

Back 13

1. Abductor hallucis
2. Flexor digitorum brevis
3. Abductor digiti minimi

Front 14

What do all the muscles in the 1st layer (of the plantar aspect of the foot) originate from?

Back 14

Calcaneous

Front 15

Abductor hallucis

Back 15

Origin: Calcaneous
Insertion: Proximal phalanx of great toe
Action: Abduct MTP joint of big toe
Innervation: Med. plantar nerve

Front 16

Flexor digitorum brevis

Back 16

Origin: Calcaneus
Insertion: Middle phalanges of toes 2-5 (tendons are perforated by flexor digitorum longus)
Action: Flex MTP and PIP joints for toes 2-5
Innervation: Med. plantar nerve

Front 17

Abductor digiti minimi

Back 17

Origin: Calcaneus
Insertion: Proximal phalanx of little toe
Action: Abduct MTP joint for little toe
Innervation: Lat. plantar nerve

Front 18

What muscles are in the 2nd layer of the plantar aspect of the foot?

Back 18

1. Quadratus plantae
2. Lumbricals
3. Tendons of flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus

Front 19

Quadratus plantae

Back 19

Origin: Calcaneus
Insertion: Tendon of flexor digitorum longus
Action: Assists flexor digitorum longus
Innervation: Lat. plantar nerve

Front 20

Lumbricals

Back 20

Origin: Tendons of flexor digitorum longus
*cross MTP joint-flexor side to extensor side*
Insertion: Tendons of extensor digitorum longus
Action: Flex MTP and extend IP joints for toes 2-5
Innervation: Lat. plantar nerve (except 1st lumbrical - med. plantar nerve)

Front 21

What muscles are found in the 3rd layer of the plantar aspect of the foot?

Back 21

1. Flexor hallucis brevis
2. Adductor hallucis
3. Flexor digiti minimi brevis

Front 22

Flexor hallucis brevis (a,n)

Back 22

Action: Flexes MTP joint for big toe
Innervation: Med. plantar nerve

Front 23

Adductor hallucis (a,n)

Back 23

Action: Adduct MTP joint for big toe
Innervation: Lat. plantar nerve

Front 24

Flexor digiti minimi brevis (a,n)

Back 24

Action: Flexes MTP joint for little toe
Innervation: Lat. plantar nerve

Front 25

What is found in the 4th layer of the plantar aspect of the foot?

Back 25

1. Dorsal interossei
2. Plantar interossei
3. Tendons of peroneus longus and posterior tibialis

Front 26

Dorsal interossei (a,n)

Back 26

Action: Abduct MTP joint for toes 2,3,4
Innervation: Lat. plantar nerve

Front 27

Plantar interossei (a,n)

Back 27

Action: Adduct MTP joints for toes 3,4,5
Innervation: Lat. plantar nerve

Front 28

On the plantar aspect of the foot, the tendons of the peroneus longus are more lat/med than the posterior tibialis tendon.

Back 28

Lateral

Front 29

What is the nerve innervation to the dorsal aspect of the foot (motor and cutaneous)?

Back 29

Motor: Deep peroneal nerve
Cutaneous: Mostly superficial nerve

Front 30

What artery supplies the dorsal aspect of the foot?

Back 30

Dorsalis pedis (continuation of tibial artery)

Front 31

What nerves supply the plantar aspect of the foot?

Back 31

Med. and lat. plantar (cutaneous and motor)

Front 32

What arteries supply the plantar aspect of the foot? What artery do they branch from?

Back 32

Med. and lat. plantar arteries (branch from posterior tibial artery)

Front 33

The nerves innervating the planter aspect of the foot pass behind/in front of the medial/lateral malleolus.

Back 33

Behind; medial

Front 34

What type of joint is the inferior tibiofibular joint?

Back 34

Syndesmosis

Front 35

What are the four components of the inferior tibiofibular joint?

Back 35

1. Tibia and fibula
2. Interosseous ligament
3. Transverse ligament
4. Ant. and post. tibiofibular ligaments

Front 36

What is the talocrural joint more commonly known as?

Back 36

Ankle joint

Front 37

What type of joint is the talocrural joint? What movements is it capable of?

Back 37

Hinge; can dorsiflex and plantar flex

Front 38

During action, ankle action is above/below the talus and foot action is above/below the talus.

Back 38

Above; below

Front 39

During ankle movement, the talus stays with the leg/foot. During foot movement, the talus stays with the leg/foot.

Back 39

Foot; leg

Front 40

What bones articulate in the talocrural joint?

Back 40

Tibia, fibula, and talus

Front 41

What are the lateral thickenings/ligaments associated with the talocrural joint? What do they do?

Back 41

1. Anterior talofibular
2. Calcaneofibular
3. Posterior talofibular

All reinforce the lat. side of the ankle.

Front 42

True or false: The lateral thickenings in the talocrural joint can be torn during extreme eversion.

Back 42

False; inversion

Front 43

What type of joint are the metatarsophalangeal joints?

Back 43

Condyloid

Front 44

What type of joints are the interphalangeal joints?

Back 44

Hinge

Front 45

What are the two plantar ligaments?

Back 45

1. Long plantar
2. Short plantar

Front 46

Where is the long plantar ligament attached? The short plantar?

Back 46

Long plantar: Calcaneous to cuboid
Short plantar: Calcaneous to cuboid

Front 47

What do the plantar ligaments do?

Back 47

Reinforce the arches of the foot

Front 48

The longitudinal arch of the foot is made of ____ columns.

Back 48

Two

Front 49

What makes up the medial column of the longitudinal arch of the foot?

Back 49

1. Metatarsals 1-3
2. Cuneiform (3)
3. Navicular
4. Talus
5. Calcaneus

Front 50

What makes up the lateral column of the longitudinal arch of the foot?

Back 50

1. Metatarsals 4 and 5
2. Cuboid
3. Calcaneus

Front 51

What makes up the series of arches in the transverse arch of the foot?

Back 51

1. Heads of metatarsals 1-5
2. Cuneiforms
3. Navicular
4. Cuboid

Front 52

What is the medial thickening of the talocrural joint?

Back 52

Deltoid ligament (from the med. malleolus of tibia to the navicular/calcaneus)

Front 53

What is significant about the deltoid ligament?

Back 53

It is one of the strongest ligaments in the body. In extreme eversion, it may pull off a piece of bone rather than tear.

Front 54

What joints are important for eversion and inversion?

Back 54

Intertarsal joints

Front 55

How many intertarsal joints are there?

Back 55

Six

Front 56

True or false: The talus remains with the foot during inversion and eversion.

Back 56

False; leg

Front 57

The plane for inversion and eversion deviates 60 degrees laterally/medially.

Back 57

Laterally

Front 58

What are the three major intertarsal joints?

Back 58

1. Subtalar
2. Transverse tarsal (talocalcaneonavicular and calcaneocuboid)

Front 59

What makes up the subtalar joint? What type of joint is it?

Back 59

It is a plane joint and is made up of the talus and calcaneus.

Front 60

What is unique about the subtalar joint?

Back 60

It is a plane joint that can slightly abduct and adduct the foot.

Front 61

What makes up the talocalcaneonavicular joint? What type of joint is it?

Back 61

It is a plane joint made up by the head of the talus fitting into a socket formed by the navicular and calcaneus.

Front 62

What is unique about the talocalcaneonavicular joint?

Back 62

It is a plane joint but resembles a ball and socket in appearance and function (it can rotate)

Front 63

What is the plantar calcaneonavicular ligament also known as? Where does it attach?

Back 63

Spring ligament - connects the sustentaculum tali of calcaneus and navicular

Front 64

What makes up the calcaneocuboid joint? What type of joint is it?

Back 64

It is a plane joint made up by the calcaneus and cuboid.

Front 65

What is unique about the calcaneocuboid joint?

Back 65

It is a plane joint that resembles a saddle joint.

Front 66

What type of joints are the other (besides three main) intertarsal joints?

Back 66

Plane joints

Front 67

What type of joints are the intermetatarsal joints?

Back 67

Plane joints

Front 68

What ligament is associated with the calcaneocuboid joint?

Back 68

Bifurcated ligament that connects the calcaneus with the cuboid and navicular.

Front 69

What does the bifurcated ligament do?

Back 69

Reinforces the calcaneocuboid joint.

Front 70

What actions are involved in pronation of the foot?

Back 70

Dorsiflexion, eversion, and abduction

Front 71

What actions result in supination of the foot/ankle?

Back 71

Plantar flexion, inversion, and adduction