Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
When did the Birmingham Campaign start? |
3rd April 1963 |
|
|
When did the Birmingham Campaign finish? |
10th May 1963 |
|
|
Emancipation Proclamation |
Created 100 years before the Birmingham Campaign by Abraham Lincoln. Its purpose was to free all slaves in America and provide them with equal opportunities to whites. |
|
|
Who ran the Birmingham Campaign? |
Martin Luther King and SCLC (southern Christian leadership conference) |
|
|
What was the long term cause of the Birmingham Campaign? |
Emancipation Proclamation. It resulted in the Jim Crow laws being established 1865 and separate but equal being imposed. 100 years later jim crow laws and seperate but equal was still imposed and nothing dramatic had changed towards blacks status. This spurred King and SCLC to take action. |
|
|
What were previous successes of the Black Civil Rights Movement? |
1954 Brown vs. Board of Education and 1956 Montgomery bus boycott. |
|
|
1954 Brown vs. Board..... |
Supreme court ruled that Segregation of schools was going against the 14th amendment ( that all american citizens are equal). |
|
|
1956 Montgomery bus boycott.... |
Started on the 5th of December 1955 and lasted to the 20th December 1956 where martin Luther King, Rosa Parks and ED Nixon were among others to ride the first desegregated bus. |
|
|
Why was Birmingham a good target for the campaign? |
Because it was the most segregated city in America. It was completely segregated including schools, churches, restaurants and hospitals. In 1954 when schools were desegregated, birmingham shut schools down rather than integrate them. If desegregating Birmingham was possible so would be desegregating any other city in America. |
|
|
What was the plan? |
The Plan was to disrupt business community with boycotts and sit-ins, following that with mass marches which would hopefully fill the jails. This would force white business man and the government to negotiate desegregating Birmingham. |
|
|
What was the overall aim of the campaign? |
For John F kennedy to make a law desegregating all public facilities in America. |
|
|
What did the campaign prove? How? |
That non-violent protest was a success. After just over a mont of it public facilities were desegregated, ‘Colored’ and ‘Whites only’ signs were taken down, restrooms and fountains were integrated, jobs were given to negroes that had previously been ‘whites only jobs’. Libraries, public buildings, parks and eventually schools were desegregated. |
|
|
What further success did the Birmingham Campaign bring about? |
Birmingham campaign put martin luther king back in favour of people in support of desegregation after the failure at Albany. Bought about the civil rights Act. Gave negroes hope that finally they would be valued and treated the way they should be. |
|
|
When was the failure at Albany? |
1962 |
|
|
When was the civil rights act made and what was it? |
July 2nd 1964, proposed by John F Kennedy. Was supposed to end racial segregation and give negroes the right to sue people who mistreated them by denying the the right to enter public places e.g shops |
|
|
Why was there white backlash? |
Because white men and woman were mad the blacks could legally do anything they could do. |
|
|
When was the 16th Streep Baptist Church Bombing? |
15th September 1963 |
|
|
What was the result of the 16th Streep Baptist Church Bombing? |
Four negroe girls were killed, churchgoers rioted - killing 6 more.Three KKK men were charged, not of murder but instead the illegal possession of dynamite. |
|
|
What was a major result of the Birmingham Campaign? |
negroes did not have to worry about using categorized facilities or having an unfair trial due to their skin colour |
