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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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cancer cells
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cells that divide excessively and invade healthy tissues
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tumor
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abnormal mass of cells
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benign tumor
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the abnormal mass remains @ the original site
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malignant tumor
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spreading of abnormal cells @ alternate sites
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metastasis
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actual spreading
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carcinomas
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coverings of organs/body
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sarcomas
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support structures (bones, muscles)
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leukemias
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spleen, bonemarrow
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lymphomas
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blood forming tissues, lymph nodes
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disease of the cell cycle
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cancer
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# of chromosomes in somatic cells
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46
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# of homologous chromosomes
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23
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how many pairs are autosomes and how many are sex chromosomes
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22 pairs; 1 pair
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male chromosome
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XY
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female chromosome
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XX
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sex cells: haploid or diploid?
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haploid
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sex cells
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sperm & egg
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is a zygote a haploid or a diploid?
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diploid
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meiosis beings with ____ and ends with ____.
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1 diploid cell; 4 haploid cells
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what does crossing over enable
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genetic diversity
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cytokinesis - animals develop ____ and plants develop _____
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cleavage furrow; cell plate
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factors that control cell division
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cell density, cell repair, and growth factors
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Mitosis - prophase
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nuclear envelope breaks down and chromatin condenses w/ chromosomes
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mitosis - prometaphase
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centrosomes (centrioles) moving to the poles of the cell
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mitosis - metaphase
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chromosomes line up @ the metaphase plate (equator)
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mitosis - anaphase
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spindle fibers formed during metaphase pull apart the chromosomes of their centromers
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mitosis - telophase
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nuclear envelope reforms & cell begins division
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mitosis - cytokinesis
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splitting of the cytoplasm (cell)
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interphase
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time between cell division
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steps of interphase
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G1 - first growth phase
S - dna is replicating (being copied) G2 - cell grows (doubles) G0 - cells exit the cell cycle (cell becomes dormant) *based on cel density, repair, and growth factors |
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somatic cells
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cells of the body
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difference between sister chromatids and chromosomes
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sister chromatids form a chromosome
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chromatin
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dna strands in a string mass
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true or false: eukaryotic cells have more genes than prokaryotic cells
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true
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human cells carry _____ genes, while bacterium carry ___-
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30,000; 3,000
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prokaryotes use _____ by a type of cell division known as ____
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asexual; binary fission
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prokaryotes carry their genees on a _____, which consists of _____ chromosome(s)
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plasmid; 1
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histone
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packages DNA into chromosomes
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non-histone
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directs the packaging of DNA
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chromosomes that are similar in structure & genetic information are said to be what kind of chromosomes?
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homologous chromosomes
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autosome
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chromosome that doesn't directly decide sex, not an X or Y chromosome
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mitosis begins with ______ and ends with ____
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1 diploid; 2 diploids
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haploid
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1 pair of each chromosome
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diploid
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2 pairs of each chromosome
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meiosis
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division of sex cells (germ cells) to make sperm and eggs
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mitosis
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division of the nucleus
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PMAT
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prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
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what stage do you see chromosomes in mitosis?
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prophase
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chromatid
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identical copies of genes in chromosomes
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centromere
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holds 2 chromatids together
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polar bodies
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haploid cells left over from the cytoplasm
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