Biotechnology

Front 1

Transgeneic Biotechnology

Back 1

Interspecies Gene Splicing
: In gene splicing a restrictive enzyme snips out a DNA fragment and pops in a new one

Plasmid in bacteria are rings of DNA that act as transfer agents (aka vectors) and they duplicate Independent of the chromosomal DNA during mitosis.

You use a restrictive enzyme to splice open the plasmid host and an enzyme to splice the carriers DNA, it incorporates the new gene in the plasmid, and now it replicates during mitosis.

Front 2

Reproductive Cloning

Back 2

You need an egg and a somatic body cell, take the nucleus out of the egg, fuse the membranes of the two and stick your zygote back into the organism.

Front 3

Forensic Biotechnology
(Polymerase Chain Reaction)
-What is the process
-Use for DNA Profiling

Back 3

1. First a researcher selects a point of an interest on the DNA

2. The DNA is heated, causing
the two strands of the
double helix to separate.

3. As the mixture cools, short DNA sequences called primers form base pairs with complementary DNA sequences on their respective strands.

4. DNA polymerase goes down the line synthesizing complementary DNA strands, the end result is a doubling of the original DNA

Front 4

Forensic Biotechnology(DNA Technology)
(Electrophoresis)

Back 4

-A method for sorting macromolecules

-One use is to determine parentage
You put fragments of molecules in, the gel substance acts a current, conveying to you bands of molecules, it shows you the genetic makeup of that molecule, allowing you to contrast with other molecules

Front 5

Stem Cells
(Embryonic Vs Adult)

Back 5

Cells that can be anything, embryonic stem cells are those found in the blastocyst specifically the inner cell mass.


There is only one kind of embryonic stem cell, but many varieties of adult stem cells (nerve, muscle, blood, skin, etc.)

Embryonic stem cells are found in one place (the blastocyst), whereas adult stem cells are scattered in small numbers throughout the body
.
Embryonic stem cells can, in theory, be induced to become any kind of cell, whereas human stem cells appear limited in what they can become.

Also, adult stem cells have the potential of have greater damage to them over time.

Front 6

Stem Cells
(Other uses)

Therapeutic cloning
Induced pluripotent cells

Back 6

Therapeutic cloning: cloning stem cells for use in treatment of disorders.

Induced pluripotent cells: Genetically altering regular skin cells and turning them into stem cells.

Front 7

Concerns about Biotechnology

Back 7

Use of stem cells, notion about cloning another human being

Use of blastocyst as some people consider it a human being

Enhancement of humanity rather than restoration

GMO - Genes escaping certain genetically modified food could harm other plants.

Front 8

Recombinant DNA
-What is this?
-What does this result from?

-What is a Transgenic Organism?

Back 8

-When scientists combine nucleotide sequences from two different sources to form a single DNA molecule.


-If the newly aquired gene is from another organism, the recombinant organism is called a Transgenic Organism

Front 9

A pharm animal
-What are these, what purpose do they serve

Back 9

-Transgenic Organisms that serve theraputic purposes

-Since these are hard to make, they are most likely cloned

Front 10

What is a Restrictive Enzyme?

(Transgenic Organisms)
(Interspecies Gene Splicing)

Back 10

-A restrictive enzyme are cutting tools for making recombinant DNA