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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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4 elements of the biosphere
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Oceans, Life, Atmosphere, Soil
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How long circulation times: 1) Atmosphere, 2) Ocean, and 3) Soil
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1) 1 year, 2) 1000 years, 3) 10's-100's of years
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Age of the Universe
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13.7 BYA
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Composition of Universe
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73% Dark Energy, 23% Dark Matter, 4% Ordinary matter
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Redshift
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?
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We are all star dust?
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We are all star dust formed from carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, calcium, sulfur, phosphorous and trace elements of hydrogen that was priomordial
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Age of earth/Moon
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4.5 BYA/4 BYA
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Radiometric/Radioactive clocks
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use radioactive decay to tell time, measure decay of elements (most famous potassium-argon dating). Only isotopes decay.
1 half life = 50% 2 half life = 25% |
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potassium-argon dating
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Pottasium (solid) 40k decays into Argon (gas) 40A
look at 40A/40k ratio |
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Evolution
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1) Replication 2) Variation 3 ) Selection
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Extremophiles
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Lived in deep see vents in ocean, start of life. Thermophiles: High temp. Halophiles: high salt. Aciphiles: high acid
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Early Earth
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extremohpiles, zero oxygen, high greenhouse gasses
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Deep see vents
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lots of active chemistry. Some bacteria survived by "chemosynthesis": make organic molecules from co2 w/o light
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Panspermia Theory
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Life came from outerspace, maybe Mars. Life isn't forming new now, so what was so special about the past. Mars would have reached life-forming ability before earth
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Prokaryotes
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Lack a nucleus (Bacteria). Half of history life on earth was prokaryotic
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Prokaryotic Bubblers
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Mostly Archaea. Methane Generators. Kept Earth warm. Feed on Organic materials
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Origin of life?
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Fossil Evidence: 3.5 BYA
Carbon Isotope: 3.9 BYA |
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prokarayotic Breathers
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Carbon-DiOxygen generators.
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Prokarayotic Blue Greens
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Oxygen generators
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Cell symbiogenesis
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Origin of Eukeryotic Cell.
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Mitochondria
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Power spots of cells. take organic matter with 02, create energy and waste as 02.
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Origin of Multiceluar Life
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Merger1: Mitochondria resulted from merger between large cell and breather bacteria
Merger2: photosynthesis bacterium (blue-green) which led to chloroplats in plan and algae cells 2-2.5 BYA |
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If all cells are the same, why do we have different body parts/functions?
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various cells learn to turn off parts of DNA not needed for the specialized cell. This is called "methylation"
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Cambrian Explosion
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540MYA - Eyes were key invention
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L.U.C.A.
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last universal common ancestor/ Had DNA, Ribosomes
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Key invention in Fish
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Jaws
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Key invention in Trees
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Xylem tubes = water from roots
Phloem tubes = Food from leaves |
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When did reptiles come`
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280MYA
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When did Dinosuars come
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230MYA - key invention hip
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When wre Mammalls
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200MYA
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When was ther Arigona Period
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220MYA
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Preadaptions
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the function that something came in for may be different than what it was later used for
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Extinction of Dinosaurs
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65MYA, K-t meteroite. mammals had lived for 135my and birds for 100my
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KT Meteroite
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10 km in diameter, hit with force of 12 hiroshima bombs
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Key inventions of humans
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bipedality - carry food. great apes have 24 pairs of chromosones while humans have 23. biggest diff between man and ape is y chromosone.
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When did chimps split
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2.5MYA
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Bonobo Chimp
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make love chimps
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Chimpanzees
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Make War chimp
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Australopithicus
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Lucy, 3.2 MYA
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