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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Valves |
One way flow of blood |
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Vein |
Blood towards heart (red) |
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Artery |
Blood away from heart (blue) |
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Fat-soluble vitamins |
A,D,E, and K |
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All Lipids are? |
Organic compounds. Non-polar (water fearing) Lipids include --butter, fat soluble vitamins / hormones, cholesterol |
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Fatty acid is a chain of? |
Carbon atoms (surrounded by hydrogen atoms) with a carboxylic group (acid end) |
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Saturated fats are? |
No double bond 1 Bond Solid / Single Holding as many hydrogen atoms as it can. |
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Common types of Lipids? |
Regular fats. Composed of smaller units. |
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Monomers of fats are? |
Fatty acids. |
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Fatty acid with 1 Carbon to carbon double bond? |
Monounsaturated |
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Fatty acid with 2 or more carbon to carbon double bonds? |
Polyunsaturated |
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Lipids are |
Monomers of fat |
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Saturated fats can? |
Align together Form crystals By getting very close to each other Straight lines Animals and food from animals Fats, eggs, meats, milk, butter, lard |
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Plants rarely contain? Except? |
Rarely contain saturated fats. EXCEPTION: PALM TREES & COCONUTS |
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Saturated fats at room temperature are? |
Solid due to straight lines |
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Liquid fats are? |
Unsaturated Double bonded |
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Carbon + hydrogen on same side? |
CIS DOUBLE BOND Due to kink in lines |
Unsaturated liquid. |
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Trans fat? |
Man made double bond solid not found in nature. Not on same line. Straight line always. Not completely disgusted. |
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Unsaturated fat to saturated is? |
Hydrogenation. Chemical reaction. Forces carbon double bond on the same side. Creating Trans double bond by product. Plant oil to become solid. |
Gift your body cannot use. |
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Saturated fats and cis-unsatured fats? |
Found in nature / bodies have adapted to use them for energy. |
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The more solid margarine is at room temperature? |
The more Trans fat it contains. |
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Most common type of lipid polymer? |
Made up of 3 fatty acids attached to a glycerol molecule backbone |
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Most common type of lipid? |
Triglycerides |
1 glycerol backbone + 3 fatty acids = triacylglyceride (or triglycerides = TG) |
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Function of triglycerides? |
Act as fuel for energy to make ATP |
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Phospholipid (PL) |
A group hydrophobic & hypeophliic molecules creating moment. Phosphate group = the head Fatty acids = the tails |
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Surfactant |
Another phospholipid daily is soap. Half water soluble / half fat soluble Hybrid on surface between water soluble / insoluble. Found in babies lungs |
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Cholesterol |
Produced only by animals Derivatives are --steroids & stereometric Multiple ring structure |
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Cholesterol functions |
1. Production of steroid hormones 2. Production of vitamin D 3. Production of bile salts and acids 4. Structural molecule - provides rigidity & stability |
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When Arachidonic Acid (fatty acid) becomes modified by an enzyme? |
COX (Cyclooxygenase) turning into 1. PG - Prostaglandins 2. LT - Leukotrienes 3. TX - Thromboxane |
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Prostaglandins |
Usually start inflammation. (Vasodilation blood vessels expand) pain starts, muscle spasms |
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Leukotrienes |
Attract white blood cells to come to affected area to fight invaders or parasite (allergy response) |
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Thromboxane |
Produced by damaged cells of broken blood vessel. Blood clotting response attracts platelets |
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Most likely to become free radicals? |
Lipids |
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Fatty acids turn into aldehyde then? |
This makes fat turn rancid. Result of oxidation |
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When fats become oxidized? |
Immune system recognizes them as foreign and tries to eliminate them. Leads to inflammation. |
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Pro-oxidants |
Speed up & promote lipid oxidation 1. Oxygen 2. Radiation 3. Smoking 4. Alcohol 5. Light |
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Antioxidants |
Slow down oxidation 1. Vitamin E 2. Vitamin C 3. Beta carotene 4. Selenium 5. Flavanoids 6. Anthocyanins 7. Resveratol 8. Licopene |
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Flavanoids, Licopene, Resveratol, Anthocyanins |
Tannins. Found in dark & bright colored fruits & vegetables |
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Liver produces |
Special molecule as a carrier of cholesterol. LDL --AND-- Also produces special molecule for picking up the garage |
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Lack of perfusion |
Tissue deprived of blood flow |
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Ischemia |
Tissue suffocation |
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