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41 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
3 processes of learning
acquisition
storage
retrieval
2 kinds of memory
Working memory/ short term memory
Long term memory
two types of learning
Declarative learning
Non-declarative learning
declarative learning
learning facts and information of which we can be aware, intuitively think as "memory"
episodic memory
autobiagraphical memory: knowing step by step of events that occurred during an specific time

able to tell events that occurred at a party
semantic memory
generalized memory facts
Mexico City = capital of Mexico
nondeclarative learning
memory about perceptual or motor procedures: skills habits, hevahiors
perceptual learning
learning to recognize objects and events by sight, sound, taste, etc.
motor learning
learning to control the body in order to respond appropriately: learning how to ride a bike
Associative learning
learning the correct response to an object or event:
classical conditioning and operant conditioning
predictions related to working memory
the ability for children to acquire knowledge and new skills, reading achievements, math skills, word problem, computation skills, predictable of overall academic achievement.
limited working memory
linked to developmental disorders, reading, language and motor disabilities
working memory-- prefrontal cortex
involved in problem solving ad planning of words
WM-- lateral intraparietal (LIP) cortex
planning eye movement
WM hippocampus
involved in special working memory
Henry Molaison ( H.M)
had both retrograde and anterograde losses
retrograde memory
loss of memories formed prior to an event
anterograde memory
inability to form new memories
hippocampus
to be more associated with consolidation of declarative memory
name three neuratransmitters
Dopamine, serotonin, GABA,
dopamine
released in the limbic system "feel good drug"
Serotonin
implicated in depression, mood, anxiety, sleep
what is reuptake?
a process of reusing a neurotransmitter after it was released into the synapse
different drugs
Agonist
antagonist
agonist
external chemicals that activate a receptor, act like a neurotransmitter
antagonist
chemical that binds to the receptor and does not activate it,
examples of agonist
opiates: reduces pain and induce euphoria ( morphine)
tobacco: stimulates skeletal muscle and reward center of the brain
hallucinogens: causes mood changes
examples of antagonist
coffee: inhibits the release of multiple neurotransmitter, but particularity nor-epinephrine
what regulates circadian rhythm?
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
stages of sleep
4
1-3 non Non Rem, 4- Rem sleep
Non-REM= movable body, idling brain
REM sleep= rapid eye movements, paralyzed body( where most dreaming occurs)
Narcolepsy
neurological Dis. =urge to fall sleep in inappropriate times, immune system attacking hypocretin cells in humans,
Cataplexy
Complete loss of muscle tone during the awake stage
neural structures associated with sleep REM/Non-REM
VLPA: electrical stimulation to this area evokes slow- wave sleep
????
PGO,/ Pons Geneculate Nucleus
Associated with vision/ visual components of dreaming
Zeitgeber principle
stimulus like the morning sun, that acts to reset the biological clock
Circadian rhythm
has a cycle of approx. 25 hrs
BNST/ Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis
Associated with asexual identity
Third Interstitial Nucleus of the Anterior Hypothalamus
Associated with sexual orientation
Negative Feed Back System
output of a hormone feeds back to inhibit the drive for more of the same hormone.
Activation of testosterone
triggers male secondary characteristics: facial hair, muscle development.. etc.
Activation effect if Estradiol
Triggers female secondary characteristics
breast, hips, etc.