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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
3 processes of learning
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acquisition
storage retrieval |
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2 kinds of memory
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Working memory/ short term memory
Long term memory |
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two types of learning
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Declarative learning
Non-declarative learning |
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declarative learning
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learning facts and information of which we can be aware, intuitively think as "memory"
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episodic memory
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autobiagraphical memory: knowing step by step of events that occurred during an specific time
able to tell events that occurred at a party |
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semantic memory
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generalized memory facts
Mexico City = capital of Mexico |
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nondeclarative learning
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memory about perceptual or motor procedures: skills habits, hevahiors
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perceptual learning
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learning to recognize objects and events by sight, sound, taste, etc.
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motor learning
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learning to control the body in order to respond appropriately: learning how to ride a bike
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Associative learning
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learning the correct response to an object or event:
classical conditioning and operant conditioning |
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predictions related to working memory
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the ability for children to acquire knowledge and new skills, reading achievements, math skills, word problem, computation skills, predictable of overall academic achievement.
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limited working memory
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linked to developmental disorders, reading, language and motor disabilities
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working memory-- prefrontal cortex
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involved in problem solving ad planning of words
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WM-- lateral intraparietal (LIP) cortex
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planning eye movement
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WM hippocampus
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involved in special working memory
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Henry Molaison ( H.M)
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had both retrograde and anterograde losses
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retrograde memory
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loss of memories formed prior to an event
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anterograde memory
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inability to form new memories
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hippocampus
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to be more associated with consolidation of declarative memory
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name three neuratransmitters
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Dopamine, serotonin, GABA,
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dopamine
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released in the limbic system "feel good drug"
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Serotonin
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implicated in depression, mood, anxiety, sleep
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what is reuptake?
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a process of reusing a neurotransmitter after it was released into the synapse
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different drugs
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Agonist
antagonist |
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agonist
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external chemicals that activate a receptor, act like a neurotransmitter
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antagonist
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chemical that binds to the receptor and does not activate it,
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examples of agonist
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opiates: reduces pain and induce euphoria ( morphine)
tobacco: stimulates skeletal muscle and reward center of the brain hallucinogens: causes mood changes |
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examples of antagonist
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coffee: inhibits the release of multiple neurotransmitter, but particularity nor-epinephrine
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what regulates circadian rhythm?
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Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
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stages of sleep
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4
1-3 non Non Rem, 4- Rem sleep Non-REM= movable body, idling brain REM sleep= rapid eye movements, paralyzed body( where most dreaming occurs) |
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Narcolepsy
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neurological Dis. =urge to fall sleep in inappropriate times, immune system attacking hypocretin cells in humans,
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Cataplexy
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Complete loss of muscle tone during the awake stage
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neural structures associated with sleep REM/Non-REM
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VLPA: electrical stimulation to this area evokes slow- wave sleep
???? |
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PGO,/ Pons Geneculate Nucleus
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Associated with vision/ visual components of dreaming
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Zeitgeber principle
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stimulus like the morning sun, that acts to reset the biological clock
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Circadian rhythm
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has a cycle of approx. 25 hrs
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BNST/ Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis
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Associated with asexual identity
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Third Interstitial Nucleus of the Anterior Hypothalamus
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Associated with sexual orientation
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Negative Feed Back System
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output of a hormone feeds back to inhibit the drive for more of the same hormone.
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Activation of testosterone
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triggers male secondary characteristics: facial hair, muscle development.. etc.
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Activation effect if Estradiol
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Triggers female secondary characteristics
breast, hips, etc. |