Biopsych Test 4 - L&m 1

Front 1

three parts of Posner's Trinity of Attention

Back 1

1. Alerting
2. Orienting
3. Executive Control

Front 2

-preparedness, increase and maintain response readiness
-sustained attention, vigilance, alertness

Back 2

Alerting

Front 3

parts of brain involved in alerting?

Back 3

thalamus, frontal lobe, parietal lobe

Front 4

-focus - select information from multiple stimuli
-selection, scanning
-part of the brain?

Back 4

orienting
-parietal lobe

Front 5

-consciousness - resolution of conflict
-part of the brain?

Back 5

executive control
-anterior cingulate cortex

Front 6

-longer reaction time to name colors when the color of the word does not match the color written

Back 6

Stroop Effect

Front 7

-3 types of attention

Back 7

1. selective attention - salient or relevant
2. divided attention - more than one stimulus
3. sustained attention - attention span

Front 8

variations of the attentional challenge

Back 8

1. shortening of port illumination
2. varying the duration of rady period
3. introducing distractors

Front 9

bottom-up attention

Back 9

-stimulus driven - sensory

Front 10

top down attention

Back 10

-goal directed - voluntary

Front 11

controls of attention in which parts of the brain?
1. control
2. amplification
3. expression

Back 11

1. frontal cortex
2. thalamus
3. expression

Front 12

a hypothetical change in neural tissue postulated in order to account for persistence of memory, the "memory"

Back 12

engram

Front 13

-information about HM

Back 13

Henry Gustav Molaison
-removed the hippocampus to reduce the number of seizures
-lost long term memory formation
-removal of tissue was bilateral

Front 14

-amnesia involving no new long term memories

Back 14

anterograde amnesia

Front 15

-amnesia involving loss of previously formed memories

Back 15

retrograde
-only limited within HM

Front 16

- a subject sees an object and must later choose the object that matches

Back 16

delayed matching to sample tasks

Front 17

- a subject sees an object that is different than the sample

Back 17

delayed non matching to sample tasks

Front 18

impaired areas of memory for HM

Back 18

-"knowing that"
-"memory with record"
-explicit memory
-declarative memory

Front 19

intact areas of memory for HM

Back 19

-"knowing how"
-"memory without record"
-implicit memory
-procedural learning

Front 20

-the ability to state a memory in words

Back 20

declarative memory

Front 21

-the development of motor skills and habits

Back 21

procedural memory

Front 22

-ability to recall single events

Back 22

episodic memory

Front 23

types of nondeclarative memory

Back 23

procedural memory, classical conditioning, non associative: habituation, sensitization

Front 24

-brain structure important for the conversion of short term memories into long term memories (explicit)

Back 24

hippocampus

Front 25

-test of spatial memory
-rats are tested to find platform in murky water
-rats with hippocampal damage struggle to locate the platform

Back 25

Morris Water Maze
-after the same amount of trials, rats with HP lesions take longer to find platform than control rats

Front 26

radial maze

Back 26

mice with damage to the hippocampus often enter a correct arm twice - trouble with spatial memory
-forget which arms they have already tried

Front 27

place fields of 4 cells in the hippocampus

Back 27

hippocampal place cell -

Front 28

-location specific
-develop within minutes and are stable for weeks to months
-same cell can have stable representations of different places within different environments

Back 28

place cell properties

Front 29

types of cells

Back 29

-border cells, grid cells, head direction cells