Biopsych Chp. 2

Front 1

brain

Back 1

1400 gm, fits in palm of hand
100 billion living cells; 10-100 trillion points of cellular contact or synapses

Front 2

location of motor neuron soma

Back 2

spinal cord

Front 3

sensory neuron

Back 3

specialized at one end to be highly sensitive to a particular type of stimulation

Front 4

dendrites

Back 4

branching fibers lined with synaptic receptors responsible for bringing in information from other neurons

Front 5

dendritic spines

Back 5

short outgrowths that increase the surface area available for synapse on a dendrite

Front 6

axon

Back 6

thin fiber, longer than dendrites which is the information sender of the neuron - conveying an impulse towards the other neurons or an organ or mnuscle

Front 7

myelin sheaths

Back 7

insulation of axon, absent in invertebrates

Front 8

afferent axon

Back 8

brings information into a structure

Front 9

efferent axon

Back 9

carries information away from a structure

Front 10

intrisic/interneuron

Back 10

cell's dendrites and axon are entirely contained within a single structure

Front 11

psychobiology

Back 11

application of the principles of biology, in particular neurobiology, to the study of mental processes and behavior in human and non-human animals

Front 12

cerebral cortex has ____ neurons

Back 12

12 to 15 billion

Front 13

cerebellum has ___ neurons

Back 13

70 billion

Front 14

spinal cord has ___ neurons

Back 14

1 billion

Front 15

glial cells provide support and protection for neurons by...

Back 15

surround
hold in place
supply nutrients and oxygen
insulate
form myelin
destroy and remove decay & debris
clearance of neurotransmitters and prevent toxic build-up
can release certain neurotransmitters
crucial to development

Front 16

Santiago Ramon y Cajal

Back 16

neuron doctrine: used cell-staining technique to demonstrate that the individual cells comprising the nervous system remained seperate but connected to each other by small zones (later called synapses)

Front 17

nodes of ranvier

Back 17

gaps in the myelin sheath; linked with saltatory conduction (propagation of the neural impulse)

Front 18

'nerves' are in the ___ nervous system

Back 18

peripheral

Front 19

'tracts' are in the ___ nervous system

Back 19

central

Front 20

multiple sclerosis

Back 20

autoimmune disease - myelin sheath is destroyed with inflammation and scarring; results in loss of conduction velocity and energy efficiency > impaired coordinated movement and widespread motor, sensory and cognitive sympotomatology

Front 21

PNS disease similar to MS

Back 21

Guillan-Barre syndrome

Front 22

there are ___ glial cells for every ___ neurons in the gray matter

Back 22

3 glial cells for every 2 neurons

Front 23

astrocytes

Back 23

glial cell: help synchronize the activity of the axon by wrapping around the presynaptic terminal and taking up chemicals released by the axon

Front 24

microglia

Back 24

glial cell: remove waste material and other microorganisms that may be harmful to the neuron

Front 25

Oligodendrocytes (CNS) & Shwann Cells (PNS)

Back 25

glial cells: build the myelin sheath

Front 26

radial glia

Back 26

glial cell: guide the migration of neurons and the growth of axons and dendrites during embryonic development

Front 27

meninges

Back 27

consists of dura mater and pia mater (arachnoid membranes directly on brain)

Front 28

brain vascular bed

Back 28

400 miles of capillaries
surface area = 100 sq. ft.

Front 29

internal carotid and vertebral arteries meet at ______

Back 29

circle of willis

Front 30

blood brain barrier

Back 30

structure that surrounds the brain and functions to block most non-toxic and toxic chemical substances from entering: tight endothelial cells of the blood vessels and glial cells

Front 31

molecules permitted through blood brain barrier

Back 31

small, uncharged, fat-soluble molecules. active transport pumps glucose and amino acids across the membrane

Front 32

encephalitis

Back 32

inflammation of the brain due to an infection that breaches the blood brain barrier; includes viral infections, bacterial infections, and parasitic infections

Front 33

primary encephalitis

Back 33

direct viral infection of the CNS

Front 34

secondary encephalitis

Back 34

infection first occurs elsewhere in the body

Front 35

choroid plexus

Back 35

lines the ventricles and produces CSF

Front 36

CSF

Back 36

circulates though the ventricles and within the arachnoid layer, exiting though the arachnoid granulations back to venous blood