Biopsych Chapter 13

Front 1

aphasia

Back 1

difficulity in producing or comprehending speech not caused by deafness or a simple motor deficit; caused by brain damage

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Broca's aphasia

Back 2

a form of aphasia characterized by agrammatism, anomia, and extreme difficulty in speech articulation

Front 3

function word

Back 3

a preposition, article, or other word that conveys little of the meaning in a sentence but is important in specifying its grammatical structure

Front 4

content word

Back 4

a noun, verb, adjective, or adverb that conveys meaning

Front 5

Broca's area

Back 5

a region of frontal cortex, located just rostral to the base of the left primary motor cortex, that is necessary for normal speech production

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agrammatism

Back 6

one of the usual symptoms of Broca's aphasia; a difficulty in comprehending or properly employing grammatical devices, such as verb endings and word order

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anomia

Back 7

difficulty in finding(remembering) the appropriate word to describe and object, action, or attribute, one of the symptoms of aphasia

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wernicke's area

Back 8

a region of the auditory association cortex on the left temporal lobe of humans, which is important in the comprehension of words and the production of meaningful speech

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wernicke's aphasia

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a form of aphasia charcterized by poor speech comprehention and fluent but meaningless speech

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pure word deafness

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the ability to hear, to speak, and usually to read and write without being able to comprehend the meaning of speech; caused by damage to Wernike's area or disruption of audioty input to this region

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autotopagnosia

Back 11

inability to name body parts or to identify body parts that another person names

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arcuate fasciculus

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a bundle of axons that connects Wernicke's area with Broca's area; damage causes conduction aphasia

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conduction aphasia

Back 13

an aphasia characterized by an inablity to repeat words that are heard but the ability to speak normally and conprehend the speech of others

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circumlocution

Back 14

a strategy by which people with anomia find alternative ways to say something when they are unable to think of the most approprate word

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prosody

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the use of changes in intonation and emphasis to convey meaning in speech besides that specified by the particular words; an important means of communication of emotion

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pure alexia

Back 16

loss of the ability to read without the loss of the ability to write; produced by brain damage

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whole-word reading

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reading by recognizing a word as a whole, "sight reading."

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phonetic reading

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reading by decoding the phonetic significance of letter strings; "sound reading."

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surface dyslexia

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a reading disorder in which a person can read words phonetically but has difficulty reading irregularly spelled words by the whole-word method

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phonological dyslexia

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a reading disorder in which a person can read familiar words but has difficulty reading unfamiliar words or pronounceable nonwords

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visual word-form area (VWFA)

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a region of the fusiform gyrus on the base of the temporal lobe that plays a critical role in whole-word recognition

Front 22

direct dyslexia

Back 22

a language disorder caused by brain damage in which the person can read words aloud without understanding them

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phonological dysgraphia

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a writing disorder in which the person cannot sound out words and write them phonetically

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orthographic dysgraphia

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a writing disorder in which the person can spell regularly spelled words, but not irregularly spelled ones

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developmental dyslexia

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a reading difficulty in a person of normal intelligence and perceptual ability; of genetic origin or caused by prenatal or perinatal factors