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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the excitable tissues? |
Neurons and muscle fibers. |
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What is the size of a neuron? |
4-130 µm. |
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What is the amount of proteins within and outside of a cell? |
Inside 140mM and outside 10mM. |
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What is the amount of Ca++ within and outside of a cell? |
Inside 0,0001mM and outside 2mM. |
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What is depolarization? |
When magnitude of membrane potential is reduced. |
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What is hyperpolarization? |
When magnitude of membrane potential is increased. |
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What are chemical synapses? |
How neurons signal each other by transporting chemicals from presynaptic cell to postsynaptic cell. This is one directional. |
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WHat are electric synapses |
How neurons signal each other by sending electric signals through gap junctions. |
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What are the three types of axo synapses? |
Axo-dendritic, axo-somatic, axo-axonal. Depending on what type the receiving cell is. |
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Explain synaptic transmission. |
Action potential comes via axon. Depolarization opens volt.gat.Ca channels & Ca diffuses into neuron. Exocytosis of Ca into membrane. Diffusion of mediator molecules which then activate receptors on postsynaptic membrane. |
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What are metabotropic receptors? |
Extracellular mediators that activate intracellular G-protein leading to intracellular signaling. |
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How/when does the action stop? |
When neurotransmitter is eliminated. |
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How can neurotransmitters be eliminated? |
Reobsorbed by presynaptic cell & repackaged into vesicles, broken down via metabolism or diffused away. |
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What are the chemical neurotransmitters? |
Aminoacids, peptides and monoamines. |
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What are the excitatory neurotransmitters? |
Acetylcholine and glutamate. |
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What are the inhibitory neurotransmitters? |
GABA and glycine. |
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What neurotransmitters are essential for the brain? |
Glutamate and GABA. |
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What is excitation? |
When inhibition is mostly determined by the receptor. |
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What is synaptic integration? |
Combining of EPSPs and IPSPs on a neuron. |
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Where is the trigger zone for action potential? |
The axon. |
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Explain divergent pathway. |
One presynaptic neuron branches to affect large number of postsynaptic neurons. |
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Explain convergent pathway. |
Many presynaptic neurons converge to influence a smaller number of postsynaptic neurons. |
