Biomembrane Transference

Front 1

What is the biomembrane permeable too?

Back 1

Small polar compounds
Hydrophobic compounds

Front 2

What is the biomembrane permeable to?

Back 2

Large molecules
Charged Ionic compounds

Front 3

Facilitated Diffursion?

Back 3

Passive diffusion through specific transmembrane proteins(Channels or transporters)

Front 4

Where are symorters and antiporters found?

Back 4

In transporters and Pclase ATPases

Front 5

Intreacellular signalling molecule

Back 5

A non-nutrient ligand secreted by one cell to induce a response in another cell

Front 6

Cytokine

Back 6

A growth factor involved in hematopoiesis

Front 7

Isoreceptors

Back 7

Different receptors bound and activated by the same ligand often inducing distinct responses in different cells

Front 8

Paracrine

Back 8

For an intercellular signaling molecule to diffuse over a short distance, usually through interstitial spaces to induce a response

Front 9

Endocrine

Back 9

For an intercellular signaling molecule to diffuse through the blood

Front 10

Hormone

Back 10

An intercellular signaling molecule that controls metabolism or physiology

Front 11

Growth factor

Back 11

An intercellular signaling molecule that controls cell cycle progession, cellular differentiation, or morphogenesis during development

Front 12

Receptor

Back 12

A cellular factor that recongnizes and binds a specific ligand to induce a response

Front 13

What are the three intercellular signaling molecule

Back 13

Hormone,
Growth factor
and Cytokine

The difference is semantics

Front 14

Two classes of intercellular signaling molecules

Back 14

Hydrophyliic
Hydrophobic

Front 15

What is involved with rapid responses?

Back 15

Hydrophillic ligands.

Front 16

Effectors

Back 16

Components of signal transduction pathways. Signal is propagated from upstream to downstream effectors

Front 17

Second messneger

Back 17

(e.g. cAMP, DAG, IP3, Ca2+) Effectors that change teh concentration (increase or decrease) in response to ligand-receptor binding

Front 18

Signal Transduction pathways

Back 18

Regulatory pathways that transduce signals into cells.
Being with intracellylar signaling milecules which interact with transmembrane receptors to transduce the signal through the plasma membrane to intracellular effectros and second messengers

Front 19

Fiur major signal transduction pathways

Back 19

TGFbeta, Ras, cAMP, and phosphinositide signaling.

Front 20

Three properties that allow for a vaired of responses from the four signal transduction pathways

Back 20

1) different versions of each pathway, with homologous factors for each step.
2)The response to a pathway depends on cellular context
3) There is cross talk between pathways which means that some pathways regulate others

Front 21

TGF BETA signaling

Back 21

Family of proteinaceous intercelluar. That control numerous developmental events from embryo to adult.

Front 22

Serine/Threonine Kinase recetors?

Back 22

Bind to TGF-beta

Front 23

What Ras do?

Back 23

Blood glucose levels, metabolism, cell cycle progression, apotosis. INSULIN IS THE BIG ONE>

Front 24

What does cholera disrupt?

Back 24

The GAP domain of G-alpha in the cAMP cycle

Front 25

What does the pertussis toxin disrupt?

Back 25

Prevents the release of GDP from Goalpha. Thus preventing PLC activation. Also prevents GDP release from Gialpha, preventing adenylate cyclase inhibition. This leads to whooping cough

Does all this in the posphoinositide signaling