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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the biomembrane permeable too?
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Small polar compounds
Hydrophobic compounds |
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What is the biomembrane permeable to?
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Large molecules
Charged Ionic compounds |
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Facilitated Diffursion?
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Passive diffusion through specific transmembrane proteins(Channels or transporters)
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Where are symorters and antiporters found?
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In transporters and Pclase ATPases
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Intreacellular signalling molecule
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A non-nutrient ligand secreted by one cell to induce a response in another cell
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Cytokine
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A growth factor involved in hematopoiesis
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Isoreceptors
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Different receptors bound and activated by the same ligand often inducing distinct responses in different cells
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Paracrine
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For an intercellular signaling molecule to diffuse over a short distance, usually through interstitial spaces to induce a response
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Endocrine
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For an intercellular signaling molecule to diffuse through the blood
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Hormone
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An intercellular signaling molecule that controls metabolism or physiology
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Growth factor
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An intercellular signaling molecule that controls cell cycle progession, cellular differentiation, or morphogenesis during development
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Receptor
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A cellular factor that recongnizes and binds a specific ligand to induce a response
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What are the three intercellular signaling molecule
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Hormone,
Growth factor and Cytokine The difference is semantics |
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Two classes of intercellular signaling molecules
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Hydrophyliic
Hydrophobic |
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What is involved with rapid responses?
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Hydrophillic ligands.
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Effectors
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Components of signal transduction pathways. Signal is propagated from upstream to downstream effectors
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Second messneger
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(e.g. cAMP, DAG, IP3, Ca2+) Effectors that change teh concentration (increase or decrease) in response to ligand-receptor binding
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Signal Transduction pathways
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Regulatory pathways that transduce signals into cells.
Being with intracellylar signaling milecules which interact with transmembrane receptors to transduce the signal through the plasma membrane to intracellular effectros and second messengers |
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Fiur major signal transduction pathways
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TGFbeta, Ras, cAMP, and phosphinositide signaling.
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Three properties that allow for a vaired of responses from the four signal transduction pathways
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1) different versions of each pathway, with homologous factors for each step.
2)The response to a pathway depends on cellular context 3) There is cross talk between pathways which means that some pathways regulate others |
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TGF BETA signaling
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Family of proteinaceous intercelluar. That control numerous developmental events from embryo to adult.
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Serine/Threonine Kinase recetors?
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Bind to TGF-beta
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What Ras do?
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Blood glucose levels, metabolism, cell cycle progression, apotosis. INSULIN IS THE BIG ONE>
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What does cholera disrupt?
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The GAP domain of G-alpha in the cAMP cycle
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What does the pertussis toxin disrupt?
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Prevents the release of GDP from Goalpha. Thus preventing PLC activation. Also prevents GDP release from Gialpha, preventing adenylate cyclase inhibition. This leads to whooping cough
Does all this in the posphoinositide signaling |