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86 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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joint knee
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type: hinge
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joint: acetabulofemoral (hip)
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type: ball/sockety
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Joint:interphalangeal (ip-fingers)
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type: hinge
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Joint: metacarpalphalangeal (mcp-knuckles)
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type: ellisoid or condyloid
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Joint: carpometacarpal (base of thumb)
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Type saddle joint
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Joint: radiocarpal (wrist)
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Type: ellipsoid or condyloid
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Joint: elbow
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Type: hinge
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Joint: glenohumeral (shoulder)
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Type: ball/socket
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Joint:scapula
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Type: false joint
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Ankle
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Inversion (supination)
Eversion (pronation) Planterflexion Dorsiflexion |
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Knee
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Movement Main Muscle
Flexion Hamstring extension quadriceps |
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Thumb (cmc-carpometacarpal jt)
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Flexion
extension abduction adduction opposition |
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Finger (IP-interphalangeal jt)
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flexion
extension |
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Finger (MCP- metacarpophalangeal jt, knuckle)
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flexion
extension abduction adduction |
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Wrist
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flexion
extension Ulnar deviation Radial Deviation |
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Forearm
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movement Muscle
Supination Supinator Pronation Pronator |
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Shoulder Glenohumeral jt
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Movement-Muscle
Flexion-anterior deltoid extension-latissimus dorsi Abduction-middle deltoid Adduction-latissimus dorsi Horiz. abduction-posterior deltoid horiz. adduction-pectoralis major External rotation-infraspinatus Internal rotation-subscapularis |
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elbow
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Movement-muscle
flexion-biceps extension-triceps |
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Scapula
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movement-muscle
protraction-serratus anterior retraction-middle trapezius elevation-upper trapezius Depression-Lower Trapezius |
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muscle attachment
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muscles are attached to bones and usually cross at least one joint, so when a muscle contracts one end of the joint mover towards the other
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origin
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the more stable bone
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insertion
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the more moveable bone
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with contraction
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the more moveable end draws closer to the stable bone
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isometric
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muscle contracts but does not change in length
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isotonic
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muscle contracts, length changes and joint angle changes. Resistance stays the same, velocity varies
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Two categories:
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concentric
eccentric |
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concentric
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muscle attachments move closer usually occur against gravity
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eccentric
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muscle attachments move farther apart usually occur with gravity
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lever
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rigid bar that can rotate about a fixed point when a force is applied to overcome resistance
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fixed point (A)
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axis (fulcrum)
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Force (F)
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what causes the lever to move (usually muscles)
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resistance (R)
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what must be overcome for motion to occur can include the weight of the part being moved, gravity or an external weight
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First class lever
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designed for balance
ex/ see saw, head sitting on C1, moving up and down |
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Second class lever
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best used for power
ex/ wheelbarrow, few if any in body-standing on tip toes |
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Third class lever
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best for ROM (speed and distance)
ex/ screen door with spring attachment; most common one in body, elbow flexion |
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passive & active insufficiency
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only in 2 joint muscles not single joint
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Active
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when the muscle components meet & have no more room to pull toward each other
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Passive
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happens when antagonist reaches the point where it can't be strengthened any more
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open kinetic chain
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origin stays fixed and insertion moves
shoulder flexion |
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Closed kinetic
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origin moves and insertion stays fixed
Pullups, pushups, yoga and core exercises |
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closed packed position
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compresses joints together
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open packed position
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pulls jts apart from each other
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musculocutaneous nerves
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elbow flexion
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Radial nerves
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elbow flexion
elbow extension wrist extensors finger extensors |
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Median
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pronation
wrist flexion finger flexors |
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Ulnar
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fine motor muscles of hand
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isokinetic
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less common, can only be done with special equipment
resistance varies, velocity varies |
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normal resting length
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length of the muscle when unstimulated- no forces are placed upon it
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irritability
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ability to respond to stimulus
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contractility
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ability to shorten or contract when receives adequate stimulus
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extensibility
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ability to stretch or lengthen when force is applied
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elasticity
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ability to return to normal resting length
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tension
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force build up with muscle
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tone
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is the slight tension that is present in a muscle at all times, even when the muscle is resting
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excursion
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distance from maximal elongation to maximum shortening
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agonist
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muscle or muscle group that causes the motion
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anatgonist
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muscle that performs the opposite motion. It is usually relaxed when the agonist is moving
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Concontraction
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when both act at the same time. Concontraction occurs when there is need for accuracy. Common when a person is learning a new task
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Active Insufficiency
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Muscle has reached a point where it cannot shorten any more
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Passive Insufficiency
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cannot be elongated without damage to its fibers
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Mechanics
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deals with study of forces and the motion produced by their actions
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two main areas of mechanics
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statics deals with forces nonmoving systems
Dynamics deals with forces with moving systems |
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Force
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push or pull action
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Vector
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a quantity having both magnitude and direction
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Inertia
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property of matter that causes it to resist any change of motion
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Torque
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Force to produce rotation
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Friction
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developed by motion of two surfaces
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Velocity
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speed
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law of inertia
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object will stay at rest or motion until force overcomes it
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law of acceleration
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amount of acceleration depends on strength of the force
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law of action-reaction
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every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
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linear
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two or more action along the same line
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normal forces
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compressive-push tissue together
tensile-pulls tissues apart |
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shear forces
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cause more damage than normal forces
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parallel
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occur in same plane and in the same or opposite direction
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concurrent
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two or more forces act from a common point but pull in different directions
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force couple
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two forces act in equal but opposite direction--turning affect
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center of gravity
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belly button
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base of support
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part of body that is in contact with the supporting surface
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line of gravity
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imaginary vertical line passing down through the COG toward the center of the Earth
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Gives more stability
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Wider BOS
Greater mass Greater friction Focusing on a stationary object while moving rather than looking down at feet or ambulation aid. |
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bones (4 types)
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long (humerous)
short (carpals) irregular (sternum) flat (skull) |
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bones (5 purposes)
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anatomical landmarks
hematopoesis vitamin and mineral storage protection support |
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bones are made up of:
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thin layer of compact bone that surrounds thick layer of trabecular bone
Trabecular --support beams |
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skeleton
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axial
appendicular |
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Wolffs law
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bones thickest where mm attach
long bones are thick in the middle of the shaft curved bones are thickest in areas most likely to break increases mechanical forces=increased trabecular bone |
