Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
when is the gastroc active in gait
|
from late contact to early propulsion
|
|
|
what joints does the gastroc cross
|
knee, ankle, STJ
|
|
|
what are the functions of the gastroc
|
prevents hyperextension of knee
prevents internal torque from developing by stopping internal rotation of the femur prevents external torque from developing by externally rotating the femur assists the PT, Soleus, LF in supinating the STJ through external rotation Flexes the knee and lifts the heel |
|
|
what does the flexing of the knee and lifting of the heel by the gastroc cause
|
upward and forward acceleration of the trunk
|
|
|
what is the function of the gastroc in contact
|
slows and stops internal rotation of the femur preventing internal torque from developing at the knee
|
|
|
what is the function of the gastroc in midstance and early propulsion
|
externally rotates the femur and assists in supinating the STJ which prevents external torque from developing at the knee
|
|
|
what are the functions of the gastroc in propulsion
|
flexes the knee and lifts the heel to start propulsion and continues to flex the knee and helps other muscles in supinating the STJ and MTJ and externally rotates
|
|
|
what must happen for the gastroc to have any effects in gait
|
the forefoot must be in contact with ground
|
|
|
what pathologies will we observe in the gastroc is not working properly
|
heel lift with be next to impossible
clawing of the toes as the FDL and peroneus longus trying to elicit heel lift without much success |
|
|
what is it called when FDL tries to accomplish heel lift
|
flexor substitution
|
|
|
how does the gastroc slow forward momentum of the tibia
|
it is a plantarflexor but since the foot is against the ground it cant plantarflex so it slows the momentum of the tibia
|
|
|
what is the relationship of the gastroc to the ankle and STJ
|
perpendicular to ankle
45 degrees to STJ (supination) |
|
|
when is the soleus muscle active during gait
|
early contact thru early propulsion
|
|
|
why is the soleus active earlier and end sooner in gait
|
because it stabilizes the lateral column and and the fifth met is first to contact ground and first to lift
|
|
|
what are the functions of the soleus in gait
|
stabilize the lateral column by plantarflexing during late contact and through midstance
aid is decelerating the internal rotation of tibia and stj pronation extend the knee by decelerating the tibia contributes to heel lift by placing a plantarflexory force at the ankle accelerates external rotation of tibia and helps to supinate the STJ |
|
|
what joints does the soleus muscle cross
|
ankle and STJ
|
|
|
what is the soleus indirect effect on the knee
|
extension of the knee by slowing and stopping the internal rotation of the tibia
|
|
|
what is the most important muscle for normal foot function in gait
|
posterior tibial
|
|
|
when do we see the posterior tibial muscle active in gait
|
early contact thru early propulsion
|
|
|
what are the pulley of the posterior tibial muscle
|
medial malleoulus-effects the STJ and ankle
navicular tuberosity-effects the MTJ |
|
|
what are the effects of the posterior tibial muscle at the ankle, STJ, OMTJ
|
ankle=plantarflexory
STJ=supinator OMTJ=supinator |
|
|
what are the functions of the posterior tibial muscle in contact
|
decelerates STJ pronation and internal rotation
assists in decelerating forward momentum of tibia producing knee extension |
|
|
which muscles decelerate forward momentum of tibia in contact
|
PT, soleus, long digital flexors
|
|
|
what are the functions of the posterior tibial in midstance
|
accelerates external rotation and STJ supination
maintains stability of MTJ by supinating the OMTJ |
|
|
what role does posteior tibial have in heel lift
|
decelerates the forward motion of the tibia at the same time stop ankle joint dorsiflexion
|
|
|
what pathology do we see when posterior tibial losses it pulley
|
severe flatfoot deformity
|
|
|
what might cause the posterior tibial to lose its pulley
|
slippage of the PT tendon out of its groove behind the medial malleolus
trauma seperating the posterior tibial tendon from the navicular tuberosity or from the sustentaculum tali |
|
|
what kind of a supinator of the STJ is the posterior tibial
|
indirect because it has no insertions on the STJ
|
|
|
when is the flexor hallucis longus muscle active in gait
|
end of contact thru end of propulsion
|
|
|
what are the functions of the FHL in midstance
|
assists with deceleration of the forward momentum of the tibia contributing to knee extension
assists with acceleration of external rotation and STJ pronation |
|
|
what are the pulleys for the FHL
|
medial malleolus, sustentaculum tali, and talus
|
|
|
what are the muscles that the FHL is assisting in midstance
|
soleus, FDL, PT, Gastroc
|
|
|
what is the function of the FHL during propulsion
|
maintains stability of hallus against the ground during propulsion
assists in proximal stabilization of phalanges of hallux |
|
|
what are the pulleys of the FHL at the hallus
|
sesamoid apparatus and the first MPJ
|
|
|
what must happen for the FHL to maintain stability of hallux against the ground
|
hallux must be made a rigid beam by the extensor mechanism
|
|
|
what does the FHL assist the FDL and PT with in propulsion
|
plantarflexion of feet at the ankle joint
|
|
|
what does the FHL assist the abductor hallucis and FDL with during propulsion
|
supination of the OMTJ
|
|
|
when is the FDL active in gait
|
end of contact thru mid-propulsion
|
|
|
what are the pulleys for FDL
|
medial malleolus and sustentaculum tali
secondary=transverse metatarsal ligament |
|
|
what is the function of the FDL in contact
|
decelerate STJ pronation and internal rotation
|
|
|
what is the function of the FDL in midstance
|
decelerate the forward momentum of the tibia
accelerate STJ supination and external leg rotation |
|
|
what are the functions of the FDL in propulsion
|
decelerate forward momentum which leads to heel off
maintain stability of lesser digits against ground stabilize posteriorly the phalanges of the lesser digits against the lesser met heads during midstance and propulsion assist with ankle joint plantarflexion assist with supination of the OMTJ |
|
|
when is the peroneus longus muscle active in gait
|
mid midstance thru late propulsion
|
|
|
what are the pulleys for peroneus longus
|
lateral malleolus specifically the peroneal trochlea
plantar aspect of the cuboid |
|
|
what are the functions of the peroneus longus
|
stabilize the first ray
pornator of LMTJ transfer weight from lateral to medial |
|
|
how does peroneus longus stabilize the first ray
|
transversely by resisting the adduction force put on lesser rays by PT and posteriorly against lesser tarsus
plantarly stabilizes the first met head against the ground |
|
|
how does the peroneus longus aid in shifting weight lateral to medial
|
as soleus relaxes the lateral part of the foot comes off the ground and making cuboid unstable pulley and lifts the foot and weight as peroneus longus contracts
|
|
|
what two other functions does peroneus longus assist with
|
deceleration of ankle joint dorsiflexion which leads to heel lift
weakly assist inankle joint plantarflexion during propulsion |
|
|
what is common pathology we see with peroneus longus
|
if foot is pronated during midstance and propulsion peroneus longus cannot stabilize first ray. first ray becomes hypermobile results in subluxation of 1st MPJ due to FHL trying to stabilize hallux against first met
can lead to hallux abducto valgus or hallux limits |
|
|
when do we see peroneus brevis active in gait
|
mid-midstance thru mid-propulsion
|
|
|
what is the pulley for the peroneus brevis
|
lateral malleolus peroneal trochlea
|
|
|
what is the strongest pronator of the STJ
|
peroneus brevis
|
|
|
what are the functions of the peroneus brevis
|
developing an abduction stabilizing force on the lesser tarsus
provide antagonistic pronation force at STJ to resist supination of foot and external rotation assist in transfering weight |
|
|
what is the pathology we might see with the peroneus brevis
|
spasm of the peroneus brevis will result in pronation at the STJ usually and effort by the body to splint the rearfoot and limit motion in response to painful motion about the STJ
|
|
|
what type of pronator of the STJ is the peroneus brevis
|
indirect
|
