Biom1009 - Cell Cycle

Front 1

G1, S and G2 are parts of which phase in the cell cycle.

Back 1

Interphase

Front 2

The first growth phase (G1) consists of growth and preparation for mitosis. True or False?

Back 2

False

Front 3

The first growth phase (G1) consists of normal growth and metabolic roles. True or False?

Back 3

True

Front 4

The second growth phase (G2) consists of growth and preparation for meiosis. True or False?

Back 4

False

Front 5

The second growth phase (G2) consists of normal growth and metabolic roles. True or False?

Back 5

False

Front 6

The second growth phase (G2) consists of growth and preparation for mitosis. True or False?

Back 6

True

Front 7

The synthesis phase (S) consists of DNA replication. True or False?

Back 7

True

Front 8

Name the 4 main phases of the Mitotic (M) Phase

Back 8

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Front 9

G0 is the resting or non-dividing of cells. True or False?

Back 9

True

Front 10

Name the 3 checkpoints in the cell cycle.

Back 10

G2 Checkpoint, Spindle assembly point, G1 Check point

Front 11

G1 checkpoint checks for cell size, nutrients, growth factors and DNA damage. True or False?

Back 11

True

Front 12

G2 checkpoint checks for cell size and DNA replication. True or False?

Back 12

True

Front 13

The spindle assembly point, checks for chromosome attachment to spindle. True or False?

Back 13

True

Front 14

Cell cycle is stimulated by extracellular stimuli such as what?

Back 14

Growth Factors

Front 15

Growth factors transduce their signal via 2 protein classes that form complexes that have kinase activity;
> ____________ (Regulatory Subunit)
> _______________________(Catalytic Subunit)

Back 15

Cyclins, Cyclin-dependent Kinases

Front 16

Cyclin A-CDK1 and Cyclin B-CDK1 are responsible for the regulation of the G2 and M phase. True or False?

Back 16

True

Front 17

Cyclin A-CDK4 and Cyclin A-CDK6 are what initiates the transisition between G0 and G1. True or False?

Back 17

False

Front 18

Cyclin D-CDK4 and Cyclin D-CDK6 are what initiates the transisition between G0 and G1. True or False?

Back 18

True

Front 19

Cyclin E-CDK2 is the bridging factor which allows a cell to tranfer from S to G2 phase. True or False?

Back 19

False

Front 20

Cyclin E-CDK2 is the bridging factor which allows a cell to tranfer from G1 to S phase. True or False?

Back 20

True

Front 21

Regulation of Cyclins and CDK complexes encompass which 4 things?

Back 21

Expression, Phosphorylation, Inhibitory Proteins, Degradation

Front 22

The G1/S Checkpoint is the Restriction Point, during mid G2, Cyclin CDK4/6 causes the Ubiquitination and degradation of S phase inhibitor proteins as well as causing Rb and E2F to split. True or False?

Back 22

True

Front 23

What does Rb stand for?

Back 23

Retinoblastoma protein (TSG)

Front 24

What does E2F stand for?

Back 24

Transcription factor

Front 25

E2F function in late G1 is to signal for the synthesis of DNA transcriptional machinery. True or False?

Back 25

True

Front 26

Which CDK Inhibitor Protein is responsible for signalling DNA damage and and preventing G1/S CDKs from proceeding to signal the "go ahead" for the S phase?

Back 26

P21

Front 27

Cak is the inhibitory kinase which makes M-CDK inactive and wee1 is the activating kinase which makes M-CDK active. True or False?

Back 27

False

Front 28

At the G2 checkpoint, Wee1 is the inhibitory kinase which makes M-CDK inactive and cak is the activating kinase which makes M-CDK active. True or False?

Back 28

True

Front 29

At the G2 checkpont, both an inhibitory and activating phosphate are added to M-CDK, which leaves it inactive still. True or False?

Back 29

True

Front 30

At the G2 checkpont, M-CDK is activated by __________________ which removes the inhibitory phosphate, rendering M-CDK active.

Back 30

Activating Phosphatase (CDC 25)

Front 31

The activation of M-CDK leads to the formation of condensins within DNA. True or False?

Back 31

True

Front 32

At the spindle assembly checkpoint, the condensins are used to keep _____________ together until the separase becomes active, indicating the proper attachment of chromosomes to the mitotic spindle.

Back 32

Chromosomes

Front 33

Securin cleaves and dissociates condensins but in order to do that, it must become separated from it's bound inhibitory protein, separase. True or False?

Back 33

False

Front 34

Separase cleaves and dissociates condensins but in order to do that, it must become separated from it's bound inhibitory protein, securin. True or False?

Back 34

True

Front 35

Active APC causes the Ubiquitylation and degredation of separase, causing securin to become active. True or False?

Back 35

False

Front 36

Active APC causes the Ubiquitylation and degredation of securin, causing separase to become active. True or False?

Back 36

True

Front 37

Cytokinesis occurs due to a Contractile ring of ______________.

Back 37

Actin/Myosin

Front 38

Name 3 ways in which the cell cycle can go wrong.

Back 38

Abnormal growth signals, Lack of stop signal at checkpoints, Rb Mutation

Front 39

Abnormal growth signals such as Increased cyclin/CDK expression are caused by what?

Back 39

Mutation of proto-oncogenes

Front 40

p53 Mutation causes 50% of cancers. True or False?

Back 40

True

Front 41

No synthesis of the stop signal P21 causes unregulated cell cycles. True or False?

Back 41

True

Front 42

Rb mutation causes there to be no control of the G1
/S checkpoint – no entry into G0. True or False?

Back 42

True