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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the definition of a disease?
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is any change, other than an injury that disrupts the normal function of the body
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what are agents that produce diseases? what are they known as?
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agents that produce disease are also known as pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi
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what did people think diseases were caused by thousands of years ago?
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curses, evil spirits, night vapors
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how can infectious disease be transmitted?
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from one person to another, by contanimated water or food. some can be spread by infected animals
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what are some simple behaviors that help control transmission of disease?
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covering your mouth w/ a tissue when you cough, washing your hands thoroughly and often
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animals that carry pathogens from person to person are called ?
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vectors
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what are antibiotics? do they have an effect on viruses?
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antibiotics: compounds that kill bacteria w/out harming the cells of the human or animal hosts.
-have no effect on viruses |
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what is the function of the immune system? what triggers the immune response?
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fight infection through the production of cells that inactivate foreign substances or cells
- antigen triggers immune respones |
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what are two general categories of defense mechanisms agaisnt infections? what can they be compared to?
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2 general categoreis are nonspecific defenses and specific defenses.
- nonspecific defenses: are like the fortress walls of our system -specific defenses: like security guards |
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what makes up our first line of defense? are they specific or non?
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skin, mucus, sweat, tears make up 1st line of defense and are nonspecific defenses
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what do lysozyme do?
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is an enzyme that breaks down the cell walls of many bacteria
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what happens in inflammatory response?
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a second line of defense is activated
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how does a fever hep you fight an infection?
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brings a higher body temperature, which increase your heart rate, helping white blood cells get to the site of the infection faster
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what does an interferon do?
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inhibit the synthesis of viral proteins in infected cells and help block viral replication
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what do B lymphocytes and tlymphocytes do?
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B lymphocytes: provide immunity agaisnt antigens and pthogens in the body fluids
T lymphocytes: provide a defense agaisnt abnormal cells and pathogens inside living cells |
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what do plasma cells make and what does this substance do?
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- release antibodies
- antibodies: are proteins, recognize and bind to antigens. they are then carried into bloodstream, so they can attack the pathogen that is cuasing infection |
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what do memory B cells do?
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divide rapidly, forming new plasma cells, which produce he specific antibodies needed to destroy the pathogen
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how many different types of antibodies cn a healthy adult produce?
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100 different types of anitbodies
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what happens during cell mediated immunity?
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the body's primary defense agaisnt its own cells when they have become cancerous or infecte by viruses
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what does each type of t cell do?
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killer T cells: track down and destroy bacteria, fungi, protozoan or foregin tissue that contains the antigen
helper T cells: produce memory T cells memory T cells: cause a secondary response if the same antigen enters the body again suppressor T cells: release substances that shut down the kill T cells |
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what is a vaccination?
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an injection of a weakened or mild form of a pathogen to produce immunity
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what is active immunity?
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appears after exposure to an antigen as a result of the immune responses
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what is passive immunity?
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when antibodies produced by other animals agaisnt a pathogen are injected into the bloodstream
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what are allergies?
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the most common overreactions of the immune system to antigens
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what do histamines do?
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increase flow of blood and fluids in the surrounding area. also increase mucus production in the respiratory sytem
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what happens to a person's air passageway if they are having an asthma attack?
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they become narrower
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what is an autoimmune disease?what are some disease?
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when the immune system makes a mistake and attacks the body's own cells
- type I diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, myasthenia gravis and multiple sclerosis |
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what type of cell does the AIDS birus destroy?
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helper T cells
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what did Jenner discover two months after he injected a farm boy w/ cowpox?
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the cowpox infection had made the farmboy immune to smallpox
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