Biology103; The Principle Endocrine Hormones And Their Target And Principle Actions

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Secreted from the Adrenal Cortex, targets Kidney Tubules to MAINTAIN PROPER BALANCE OF SODIUM AND POTASSIUM IONS

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ALDOSTERONE

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Secreted from the Adrenal Cortex, targets Kidneys. ADAPTATION TO LONG-TERM STRESS; RAISES BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL; MOBILIZES FAT

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CORTISOL

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Secreted from the Adrenal Medulla, targets Smooth muscle, Cardiac muscle, Blood vessels, and Skeletal muscle. INITIATE STRESS RESPONSES; INCREASES HEART RATE, BLOOD PRESSURE, METABOLIC RATE; DILATE BLOOD VESSELS; MOBILIZE FAT; RAISE BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL

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EPINEPHRINE (adrenaline) and NOREPINEPHRINE (noradrenaline)

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Secreted by the Hypothalamus, targets the Anterior Pituitary. STIMULATES TSH RELEASE FROM ANTERIOR PITUITARY

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THYROTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE (TRH)

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Secreted by the Hypothalamus, targets the Anterior Pituitary. STIMULATES ACTH RELEASE FROM ANTERIOR PITUITARY

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CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE (CRH)

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Secreted from the Hypothalamus, and targets the Anterior Pituitary. STIMULATES FSH AND LH RELEASE FROM ANTERIOR PITUITARY.

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GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE (GnRH)

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Secreted from the Hypothalamus, and targets the Anterior Pituitary. STIMULATES PRL RELEASE FROM ANTERIOR PITUITARY

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PROLACTIN-RELEASING FACTOR (PRF)

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Secreted from the Hypothalamus, and targets the Anterior Pituitary. STIMULATES GH RELEASE FROM ANTERIOR PITUITARY

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GROWTH-HORMONE-RELEASING HORMONE (GHRH)

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Secreted from the Hypothalamus, and targets the Anterior Pituitary. INHIBITS PRL RELEASE FROM ANTERIOR PITUITARY

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PROLACTIN-INHIBITING HORMONE

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Secreted from the Hypothalamus, and targets the Anterior Pituitary. INHIBITS GH RELEASE FROM ANTERIOR PITUITARY

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GROWTH-HORMONE-INHIBITING HORMONE (somatostatin)

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Secreted from the Hypothalamus, and targets the Anterior Pituitary. INHIBITS MSH RELEASE FROM ANTERIOR PITUITARY

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MELANOTROPIN-INHIBITING HORMONE (MIH)

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Secreted from the Ovaries, targets General; Female Reproductive Structures. STIMULATES DEVELOPMENT OF SECONDARY SEX CHARACTERISTICS IN FEMALES AND GROWTH OF SEX ORGANS AT PUBERTY; PROMPTS MONTHLY PREPARATION OF UTERUS FOR PREGNANCY

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ESTROGEN

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Secreted from the Ovaries, targets Uterus, and breasts. COMPLETES PREPARATION OF UTERUS FOR PREGNANCY; STIMULATES DEVELOPMENT OF BREASTS

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PROGESTERONE

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Secreted by the Pancreas, and targets the Pancreas. LOWERS BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL; INCREASES STORAGE OF GLYCOGEN IN LIVER

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INSULIN

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Secreted by the Pancreas and targets the Liver, and Adipose tissue. RAISES BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL; STIMULATES BREAKDOWN OF GLYCOGEN IN LIVER

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GLUCAGON

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Secreted by the Parathyroid Glands and targets; Bone, Kidneys, and digestive tract. INCREASES BLOOD CALCIUM LEVEL BY STIMULATING BONE BREAKDOWN; STIMULATES CALCIUM REABSORPTION IN KIDNEYS; ACTIVATES VITAMIN D.

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PARATHYROID HORMONE (PTH)

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Secreted by the Pineal Gland. Targets the Hypothalamus. FUNCTION NOT WELL UNDERSTOOD; MAY HELP CONTROL CONSET OF PUBERTY IN HUMANS AND HELP REGULATE SLEEP CYCLE

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MELATONIN

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Secreted by the Posterior Lobe of Pituitary Gland. Targets the Uterus, (STIMULATES CONTRACTION OF UTERUS), and Mammary glands, (STIMULATES EJECTION OF MILK)

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OXYTOCIN (OT)

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Secreted by the Posterior Lobe of the Pituitary Gland. Targets Kidneys. CONSERVES WATER, INCREASES BLOOD PRESSURE

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VASOPRESSIN (antidiuretic hormone, ADH)

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Secreted from the Anterior Lobe of the Pituitary Gland. Targets General Organs. STIMULATES GROWTH BY PROMOTING PROTEIN SYNTHESIS AND BREAKDOWN OF FATTY ACIDS

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GROWTH HORMONE (GH)

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Secreted by the Anterior Lobe of the Pituitary Gland. Targets Mammary Glands. SUSTAINS MILK PRODUCTION AFTER BIRTH.

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PROLACTIN (PRL)

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Secreted by the Anterior Lobe of the Pituitary Gland. Targets the Adrenal Cortex. STIMULATES SECRETION OF ADRENAL CORTICAL HORMONES

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ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE (ACTH)

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Secreted by the Anterior Lobe of the Pituitary Gland. Targets the Gonads. STIMULATES OVARIAN FOLLICLE GROWTH AND SECRETION OF ESTROGEN IN FEMALES; STIMULATES SECRETION OF TESTOSTERONE IN MALES

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FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE (FSH)

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Secreted by the Anterior Lobe of the Pituitary Gland. Targets Ovaries and Testes. STIMULATES OVULATION AND CORPUS LUTEUM FORMATION IN FEMALES; STIMULATES SECRETION OF TESTOSTERONE IN MALES

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LUTEINIZING HORMONE (LH)

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Secreted by the Anterior Lobe of the Pituitary Gland. Targets the Skin. STIMULATES COLOR CHANGE IN REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS; UNKNOWN FUNCTION IN MAMMALS.

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MELANOCYTE-STIMULATING HORMONE (MSH)

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Secreted by the Testes. Targets General Organs, and Male Reproductive Structures. STIMULATES DEVELOPMENT OF SECONDARY SEX CHARACTERISTICS IN MALES AND GROWTH SPURT AT PUBERTY; STIMULATES DEVELOPMENT OF SEX ORGANS; STIMULATES SPERM PRODUCTION

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TESTOSTERONE

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Secreted by the Thyroid Gland. Targets the General Organs. STIMULATES METABOLIC RATE; ESSENTIAL TO NORMAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

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THYROID HORMONE (thyroxine, T4, and others)

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Secreted by the Thyroid Gland. Targets the Bones. LOWERS BLOOD CALCIUM LEVEL BY INHIBITING RELEASE OF CALCIUM FROM BONE

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CALCITONIN

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Secreted by the Thymus Gland. Targets White blood cells. PROMOTES PRODUCTION AND MATURATION OF WHITE BLOOD CELLS.

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THYMOSIN