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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is a prokaryotic cell? |
In general, a cell without a membrane bound nucleus. |
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What is a eukaryotic cell? |
In general, a cell wherin the nucleus is bound by a membrane |
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What are flagella? |
A whip like structure that allows a cell to move. Found in both Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells. |
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What is a haploid cell? |
A haploid nucleus has a single set of chromosomes. In humans, a haploid cell has 23 chromosomes. Only gametes (sex cells) are haploid. |
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What is a diploid nucleus? |
A diploid nucleus has paired sets if chromosomes. In humans, a diploid cell has 46 chromosomes. Most human cells are diploid. |
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What are mitochondria? |
Mitochondria are organelles, and their main function is to metabolize or break down carbohydrates and fatty acids in order to generate energy. Respiration. Not found in prokaryotic cells. |
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What are epithelial cells? |
Epithelial cells (or epithelium) refer to cells that layer hollow organs or glands. They make up the outer surface of the body. They protect or enclose organs. |
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What are cilia? |
Identical in structure to the flagella, small hair like structures found in large numbers on the surface of some cells to help propel them. |
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What is cytoplasm? |
A jelly like fluid made up of mostly water and salt, where chemical reactions occur. |
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What are ribosomes? |
Found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, ribosomes are protein synthesizers (make protein). |
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What is a plastid? |
A class of organelle in the cytoplasm of plant cells containing pigment or food. |
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What are chloroplasts? |
Plastids in plant cells that contain chlorophyll and is where photosynthesis takes place. |
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What is chlorophyll? |
The pigment that is responsible for the absorption of light to provide energy for photosynthesis. |
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What is a cell wall? |
The cell wall is the rigid, semi-permeable protective layer in mostly plant cells. |
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What is an acrosome? |
An acrosome is an organelle covering the head of an animal sperm cell that contains enzymes to digest the egg cell's protective coating. |
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How are sperm cells specialized? |
•The head contains genetic information and an enzyme to help penetrate the egg cell membrane. • The middle section is packed with mitochondria for energy. •The tail moves the sperm to the egg quickly. |
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How are red blood cells specialized? |
•Thin outer membrane to let oxygen diffuse through easily. •Shape increases the surface area to allow more oxygen to be absorbed efficiently. •No nucleus, so the whole cell is full of haemoglobin. |
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How are root hair cells specialized? |
Long 'finger-like' process with very thin wall, which gives a large surface area |
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How are leaf cells specialized? |
•Packed with chloroplasts. Regular shaped, closely packed cells form a continuous layer for efficient absorption of sunlight. |
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What are root hair cells? |
Cells that absorb water and mineral ions from the soil. |
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What are red blood cells? |
Cells that contain hemoglobin to carry oxygen to the cells. |
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What is the function of the nucleus? |
It contains genetic material, and controls what goes on in the cell. |
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What is the function of the cell membrane? |
It controls what enters and what leaves the cell. |