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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The passing of characteristics from parents to offspring.
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Heredity
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The branch of biology that studies heredity.
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Genetics
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Characteristics that are inherited.
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Traits
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Sex Cells
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Gametes
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Male gametes in plants are located here.
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Pollen grain
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Female gametes are located here.
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Ovule
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The uniting of male and female gametes.
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Fertilization
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Male gametes in animals.
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Sperm cell
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Female gametes in animals.
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Egg cell
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The transfer of male pollen grains to the female organ of the flower.
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Pollination
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Different Gene forms.
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alleles
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The way an organism looks. EX:Tall
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Phenotype
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The gene combination. EX: TT, Tt, tt.
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Genotype
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The two different terms that mean same gene combinations.
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Homozygous
& true-breeding |
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The two different terms that mean different gene combinations.
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Heterozygous
& Hybrid |
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Trait that is seen when a dominant gene is paried with a recessive gene.
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Dominant
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Trait that is not seen when a dominant gene is paired with a recessive gene.
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Recessive
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trait that can be seen only when two recessive genes are paired together.
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Recessive
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In the statement: Two alleles or gene forms, one from the male and one from the female, are needed for traits to be expressed. What do we mean by EXPRESSED?
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Visible;Seen
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The letter notation to represent the original parent in a cross.
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P1
(subscript 1) |
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The letter notations to represent the first generation offspring (son or daughter) and the second generation offspring (son or daughter).
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F1 (First Generation)
& F2 (Second Generation) (subscript 1 and 2) |
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A two factor cross which involves two traits.
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Dihybrid
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Law that states that the two alleles for each trait must separate when sex cells are formed.
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Law of segregation
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Law that states that different traits are inherited independently of each other.
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Law of Independent Assortment
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Type of math used to predict the likelihood of occurances.
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Probability
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Inheritance patter in which both alleles contribute to the phenotype of the offspring, which produces an offspring phenotype that is somewhere inbetween the two homologous parents phenotypes.
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Incomplete Dominance
EX: Red Rose x White Rose =Pink Rose |
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Inheritance patter in which both alleles for the trait are equally dominant and are both expressed in the offspring.
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Codominance
EX:Color of Chicken Feather. |
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Inheritance pattern where the individual only inherits two alleles but there are 3 or more possible alleles in the whole population.
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Multiple alleles.
EX:Human Blood Type & Color of Rabbit Fur |
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Inheritance pattern where phenotypes are the result of the interaction of several genes often on different chromosomes.
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Polygenic Traits
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Pair of chromosomes--one from the father and one from the mother.
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Homologous
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Cell that has 2 complete sets of chromosomes--one from each parent that have two complete sets of genes. EX:Any body cell (not sex cells)
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Diploid
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Cell that has one set of chromosomes (one set of genes) which is half of amount that a normal body cell for that type of individual.
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Haploid
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Tightly coiled microscopic structures made mostly of DNA that appear banded because they consist of sections of DNA (Genes) that code for the production of proteins and therefore determine a trait. Each ot these consists of millions of bases.
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Chromosomes
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A process of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in a cell by going through two cell divisions to take one diploid cell and produce four haploid cells.
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Meiosis
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The exchange of chromosome parts (genes) between two homologous chromosomes as the touch eacother when the sister chromatids form a tetrad during prophase I.
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Crossing-Over
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A listing of the known genes on a chromosome that are named after the problem that the abnormal alleles cause.
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Gene Map
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