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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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biological species concept
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definition of a species as a population or group of populations whose members can breed with one another in nature and produce fertile offspring
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macroevolution
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major biological changes evident in the fossil record
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speciation
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formation of new species
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reproductive isolation
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condition in which a reproductive barrier keeps two species from interbreeding
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geographic isolation
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seperation of populations as a result of geographic change or migration to geographically isolated places
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adaptive radiation
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evolution from a common ancestor of many species adapted to diverse enviroments
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punctuated equilibrium
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evolutionary model suggesting species often diverge in spurts of relatively rapid change, followed by long periods of little change
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geologice time scale
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organizes Earth's history into four distinct ages known as the Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic eras
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Radiometric dating
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based on the measurement of certain radioactive isotopes in objects
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half-life
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the number of years it takes for 50 percent of the original sample to decay
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continental drift
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motion of continents about Earth's surface on plates of crust floating on the hot mantle
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mass extinctions
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episode of great species loss
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taxonomy
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identification, naming, adn classification of species
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binomial
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two-part Latin name of a species
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phylogenetic tree
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branching diagram, suggesting evolutionary relationships, that classifies species into groups within groups
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convergent evolution
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a process in which unrelatied species from similar enviromnets have adaaptations taht see very similar
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analogous structures
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similarities among unrelated species that result from convergent evolution
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derived charcters
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unique features that unite the organisms as a clade called derived characters
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cladogram
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a phylogenetic diagram that specifies that derived characters of clades
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