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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Allele
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alternative forms of a gene for each variation of a trait of an organism
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Crossing over
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exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids from homologous chromosome during prophase I of meiosis; results in new allele combinations
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Dominant
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observed trait of an organism that mask the recessive form of a trait
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recessive
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trait of an organism that can be masked by the dominant form of a trait
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Genotype
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The genetic constitution of an organism with respect to a trait.
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phenotype
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outward appearance of an organism, regardless of its genes
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heterozygous
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when there are two different alleles for a trait
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homozygous
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when there are two identical alleles for a trait
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hybrid
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offspring formed by parents having different forms of a specific trait
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Law of independent assortment
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Alleles of different genes are assorted independently of one another during the formation of gametes.
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pollination
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transfer of male pollen grains to the pistil of a flower
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co-dominance
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Situation in which two different alleles for a genetic trait are both expressed
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incomplete dominance
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A form of intermediate inheritance in which heterozygous alleles are both expressed, resulting in a combined phenotype.
(pink flowers) |
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law of segregation
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Alleles segregate from one another during the formation of gametes.
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monohybrid cross
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Cross involving parents differing in only one trait.
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test cross
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used to determine whether an individual that displays a dominant phenotype is homozygous or heterozygous
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true breeding
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homozygous
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sex-influenced trait
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characteristic may appear in both sexes but expression of the phenotype differs in female and male
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punnet square
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diagram used to predict the probabilities of certain phenotypes and genotypes
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pedigree chart
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chart which shows the phenotype and genotype of past generations
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