Biology Vcu 151 Final

Front 1

Main vertical root which gives rise to lateral roots "carrots" Plant will consume during flowering and fruiting stage.

Back 1

Taproot

Front 2

Seedless vascular plants which have small roots growing from the stem.

Back 2

adventitious

Front 3

Single celled extension of the epidermal used for water absorption

Back 3

root hair

Front 4

Air roots that stick into the air in order to obtain oxygen from the atmosphere.

Back 4

Pneumatophores

Front 5

Point on a stem in which leaves are attached

Back 5

Nodes

Front 6

stem segments in between nodes.

Back 6

Internodes

Front 7

Structure on the stem that can form a lateral stem, "Branch."

Back 7

Auxiliary bud

Front 8

Point of elongation of stem. Plant growth

Back 8

Apical bud

Front 9

A horizontal shoot that grows just below the surface

Back 9

Rhizomes

Front 10

Underground enlarged leaf bases that store food.

Back 10

Bulb

Front 11

Horizontal shoots that run above the surface. Help plants reproduce Asexually.

Back 11

Stolons

Front 12

Modified leaves that cling for support

Back 12

Tendrils

Front 13

Tissue that forms the first line of defense against pathogens.

Back 13

Dermal Tissue

Front 14

Dermal tissue in nonwoody plants

Back 14

Epidermis

Front 15

Dermal tissue in woody plants

Back 15

Cuticle

Front 16

Type of waxy coating on non woody plants epidermal

Back 16

Cuticle

Front 17

Dermal tissue of woody plants

Back 17

Periderm

Front 18

Outgrowth of the shoot epidermal that plays role in water loss and light reflection

Back 18

Trichomes

Front 19

Vascular tissue in the roots are in the shape of

Back 19

Vascular Cylinder

Front 20

Vascular tissue in the stems are in the shape of

Back 20

Vascular bundles

Front 21

Derived cell with thick cell wall with no secondary. Flexible and allow for young plant growth. Alive and stretch with the tissue they support.

Back 21

Collenchyma Cells

Front 22

Derived cell with thick primary and secondary walls "lignin" Many are dead at functional maturity

Back 22

Sclerenchyma Cell

Front 23

Water conducting cells which are dead at functional maturity

Back 23

Tracheids and Vessel Elements.

Front 24

Long tapered thin cells. Dead at maturity. Transport water. Use pits to transfer between cells

Back 24

Tracheids

Front 25

Short stacked pipes with perforated ends. Allow water to flow freely through

Back 25

Vessel Elements

Front 26

Cells alive at functional maturity which transfer sugars from source to storage or usage

Back 26

Sieve cells

Front 27

Growth that occurs throughout the life of an organism.

Back 27

Intermediate growth

Front 28

Growth that stops after reaching a specific size

Back 28

Determinate growth

Front 29

Plant cycle in which the whole life cycle is completed in a year or less.

Back 29

Annuals

Front 30

Require to growing seasons to complete a life cycle

Back 30

Biennials

Front 31

Plants that live many years

Back 31

Perennial

Front 32

Meristems located at the tips of shoots and roots. Primary growth.

Back 32

Apical Meristems

Front 33

Meristems that grow in thickness. Secondary growth. Woody trees.

Back 33

Lateral meristems

Front 34

Lateral meristems that add vascular tissue called secondary xylem and phloem.

Back 34

Vascular Cambium

Front 35

Replaces epidermis with thicker tougher periderm.

Back 35

Cork Cambium

Front 36

The outermost layer of cells in the vascular tissue. Adjacent to the endodermis. Creates Lateral roots.

Back 36

Pericycle

Front 37

Mesophyl with open air pockets for circulating oxygen CO2 and water.

Back 37

Spongy Mesophyl

Front 38

One or more layers of cells which protects veins in leaves.

Back 38

Bundle sheath

Front 39

Radial files of cells that connect the secondary xylem and secondary phloem

Back 39

Vascular rays

Front 40

Small raised areas on the surface of a tree. Used for gas transfer

Back 40

Lenticels

Front 41

Thin one cell layer of parenchyma cells in the interior of the cork cambium

Back 41

Phelloderm

Front 42

Thin one cell layer of parenchyma on exterior of cork cambium. Gets waxy and dies.

Back 42

Suberin

Front 43

Underground plant that absorb sunlight through two stone like leaves

Back 43

Lithop

Front 44

The arrangements of leaves on a stem is known as

Back 44

phyllotaxy

Front 45

Very specialized mutualistic associations between roots and fungi

Back 45

mycorrhizae

Front 46

Using ATP to send hydrogen out of the cell forming a Proton gradient

Back 46

Proton pump

Front 47

Another form of transport that involves a proton pump. Involves an increase in positively charged hydrogen on the outside of the cell.

Back 47

Membrane potential

Front 48

Channels of cytocol in which form a continuous connection with adjacent cells.

Back 48

Symplast

Front 49

Cytoplasmic channels that connect cells and aid in the transportation of materials

Back 49

Plasmodesmata

Front 50

The movement of a fluid driven by fluid pressure

Back 50

Bulk Flow

Front 51

A waxy belt that makes sure absorbed minerals and water pass through a plasma membrane before entering the stele

Back 51

Casparian strip

Front 52

Light hits blue pigments in guard cells making them activate proton pumps which in turn brings in K+. Making it turgid.

Back 52

Guard Cell turgid

Front 53

sacs that produce pollen in the anther

Back 53

microsporangia

Front 54

Large groups of flowers

Back 54

inflorescences

Front 55

The single cotyledon in a monocot

Back 55

Scutellum

Front 56

In grasses the embryo is protected by two sheathes

Back 56

Coleoptil- shoot
Coleorhiza- root